Estudo dos efeitos da polpa de laranja sobre paramentros fisiologicos, nutricionais, bioquimicos e morfologicos em ratos normais e diabeticos

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

1994

RESUMO

The chemical composition and some physico-chemical characteristics of orange pulp, a by-product obtained during the industrial production of the orange-juice, were determined. Among these, the particle size distribution was found to be 8.9%, 52.8% and 38.3% for particle sizes larger than 800 µm, between 200 and 500 µm and smaller than 200 µm, respectively; the density 0.46 g/ml; the water binding capacity 3.61 g water/g orange pulp; the neutral detergent fiber (HDF) 32,2% and the proportion of the pectic substances 33.9% Using male Wistar rats, adult, normal and diabetic, a reduction was observed, by the glucose tolerance test, (p <0.05) in the glycaemia of the normal {80 minutes) and diabetic (60 and 90 minutes) rats that received 10 mg/ml of the orange pulp. Eats were fed during 40 days with diets containing 0% (control), 10% and 25% of the orange pulp, respectively. The three groups of normal rats were designated N, HF1G and MF25, respectively, and the diabetic ones D, DF10 and DF25, As to the normal rats, a reduction (p <0.05) of food ingestion was observed in the NF25 group probably because of a decrease in gastric emptying rate and an increase in satiety due to the stomach distension caused by the higher stomach retention time of the feed. A reduction (p <0.05) of body weight gain as result of decrease in food ingestion and lower Apparent Nitrogen Digestibility (AD) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER.op) values, was also observed for the NF25 group in relation to the H group, and was probably caused by the ingestion of fibrous material. The orange pulp ingestion induced in both the normal and the diabetic rata, a reduction (p <0.05) in the intestinal transit time, an increase in the defecation frequency, fecal weight and fecal bulk, and also structural changes in the intestinal villus together with cellular damage of the mucosa of the small and large intestine. These effects increase the excretion of fecal fat thereby reducing the plasma cholesterol level. Orange pulp ingestion by the diabetic rats, unlike ingestion by the normal rata, induced increase body weight as result of higher values for the Nitrogen Balance (HB), Apparent Biological Value (ABV.op), Nitrogen Protein Utilization (NPU.op), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER.op), total muscular nitrogen and not collagen nitrogen levels. Higher hepatic glycogen and lower post-prandial plasma glucose and urea concentrations were also observed, minimizing the physiopathological aspects such as polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia of the diabetes, The smaller mobilization of the endogenous energetical reserves of the group DF10, and BF25 in particular, resulted in higher absolute weight of the gastrocnemius muscles (not significant} and peri-kidney fat (p <0.05) in relation to the D group. At the end of the experimental period the diabetic rata also showed a reduction in plasma triglycerides and plasma cholesterol, as result of higher fecal fat excretion. This effect was probably due to a reduction in the bioavailability of the diet fat as a result of the orange pulp effects on morphology and intestinal motility. To conclude: orange pulp ingestion may be used in the therapy of diabetes.

ASSUNTO(S)

rato como animal de laboratorio suco de laranja - industria

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