Sugar cane sensitivity (Saccharum spp.) to soil water excess / Sensibilidade da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) ao excesso de água no solo

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Almost all sugar cane produced in the State of Sao Paulo is grown under rainfed conditions and the exploration of new cultivated areas, were there is a need for drainage, becomes important. The design of agricultural drainage systems based only on practical experience of the designer has led to frequent failures. For the rational sizing, it is necessary to know the minimum speed of lowering the water table to be provided by the drains, which depends on the sensitivity of each crop. Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of different speeds of lowering the water table, at different development stages of sugar cane. The experiment was conducted in 64 lysimeters in a randomized blocks design, arranged in a factorial of (3 x 5 + 1), of three development stages, five speed of lowering the water table and a control that did not suffer stress by excess moisture. The results enabled to obtain a criteria of drainage for calculating the spacing of drains using no permanent motion equations. The yield and its components expressed in average values of green mass of stalks, dry weight of stalks, green mass of top, top of dry mass, total mass green and total dry mass were not affected by lowering speeds of 0,30 m 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days, no differences between them and not the control. Among the avaliated physiological indexes the flood condition of the plots provided by the different speeds of lowering of the water table did not interfere in the average values of absolute growth rate, net assimilation rate and growth rate of the crop. Whereas the leaf area ratio, the relative growth rate and specific leaf area showed significant differences for the periods. The average value of Brix obtained in plants that have suffered stress by flooding in the period of 305 DAP under lowering a speed of 0,30 m in 12 days showed a mean value of 16,03% of Brix, and significantly different than the other periods and speeds. The plots flooded for 67 days after planting showed pH values in soil higher than other periods 210 and 305. The average values of potential oxiredution increase with the reduction of the moisture content of soil. The average values of dissolved oxygen increased over the evaluation periods. And a reduction and stabilization in the average of the readings over the course of days evaluation. In experiments where there is a limitation of material one can use a single leaf sheet of sugar cane to determine the potential of water on the sheet. However there is a need to protect the site of the fraction leaf with an aluminum sheet. The average values of water potential in leaves did not show statistically different between plots subjected to flooding as well as, when compared to plots under irrigation. The severity of the five speeds, did not reflected in lower levels of macronutrients in the plant leaves.

ASSUNTO(S)

drainage soil water sugar cane umidade do solo. soil moisture. drenagem Água do solo cana-de-açúcar

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