Referências críticas na psicologia e novas histórias de loucura: psicologia sócio-histórica e loucura: uma reflexão

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

The purpose of this work is to analyze critically the basis on which a group of readings and practice about the madness was built, which ended up by leading to its inscription under,the group of mental diseases and also the development of disciplinary and violent approaches considered to be treatments. Such critical analysis is based on the references of Social-Historical Psychology, contrasting readings supported on the main positivist and rationalist references of the modern sciences, the ontological and epistemological perspective of the dialectic historical materialism and some theoretical contributions of the Theory of the Social-Historical Psychology. Thus, we have tried to rescue within the Social-Historical Psychology a parameter which is grounded on basis different from those that state that madness is a mental disease, and which shares the historical basis of some readings and practices that represent a watershed event amongst diverse areas, including the mental health area, that may constitute a breakthrough and relevant theoretical field in the relation Psychology and Madness, building a critical reading. From this Orientation,we highlight the importance of recognizing the constitutive historical dimension of the subject matter, the madness. This implies ,that one needs to recognize at the same time the historicity of readings, concepts and perspectives that overlook this phenomenon, overcoming the naturalization of madness and its label as a mental disease. The same way, we have analyzed critically the perspectives that dichotomized and fragmented reality, opposing individual x society, subjectivity x objectivity, reason x care,trying to demonstrate the importance of a reading that considers reality as a totality and recognizes the mediation between these processes to comprehend the phenomenon of madness.We still point out in the Social-Historical Psychology of dialectical materialist basis the possibility of a reading that, recognizing frequently hidden or polarized segments, will not abandon the subject and the dimension of their suffering from the inscription in the social-historical reality. Finally, we warn about the necessity of overcoming the perspective ,of the neutral science to use the concept of praxis, assuming the ethical and political commitment of readings and professional practices produced in relation to madness. Amongst the main theoretical developments of the Social-Historical approach highlighted in this reflection, the following may be pointed out as contributions for the acquisition of the complexity of the phenomenon of madness: the concept of historicity of subjective dimension; the idea of a psychism in constant process of constitution,from the inscription and activity of the subject in the social universe; the mediation as a fundamental category and the concept that the processes in general - and therefore the process health-disease - are multi-determined; the apprehension of the superior psychological functions as complexifications of inferior psychological functions through the mediation of meanings;the concept of the configuration of meanings;the perspective of the dialectical unit between psychic and physiological processes; the dialectical social inclusion-exclusion; the idea of ethical-political suffering; the role of the emotions and care in constituting the psychism and the subjectivity. The organization of such developments throughout the, reflections above mentioned constitutes in the end a critical reading about the target field, which claims the need of breaking the paradigm of the mental disease, discussing madness as a process built under the social-historical premises and recognizing within the subjective configuration of this process an experience that has in the suffering a possible expression

ASSUNTO(S)

loucura -- historia psicologia social

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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