O estatuto neurolinguistico da perseveração na afasia

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

The term "Perseveration" quoted by Helm-Estabrooks (1995) was introduced at the end of the last century by Neisser (1895) who considered "perseverantion an iterative repetition or a continuation of a previous answer after changing the task solicitation." This word "perseveration" was originally applied to psychosis case descriptions found in psychiatry. Neisser (1985) has characterized perseveration as a collection of unusual forms of behavior that occurs in psychosis and in aphasia. The objective of this study is to analyse the perseveration phenomenon in aphasia which takes into consideration: "1. language as a constitutive activity in that the emergence of linguistic categories ( syntactic, semantic and pragmatic) is not a priori determined; 2. the socio-interactionist perspective of language acquisition when processes of linguistic object construction by children can be observed during language reconstruction processes by the aphasian patient; 3. a discourse theory that aims to analyse language in use, considering all the relevant factors of the situation or context. In this view, language is considered both as an individual property and as a collective, cultural and historical result which brings to light a set of meaningful sources proper of each native language, organized according to criteria of use interpreted by reference systems where categories and relations are culturally built."(Coudry and Morato, 1988). The perseveration case according to the aphasia types described in this research (motor aphasia efferent, amnestical, semantical and sensorial) designs the neurolinguistical semiology. It can be noticed that in such aphasian patients perseveration is shown as a linguistic deficit, for instance, in a lexical difficulty (as in amnestical aphasia) the continuous perseveration. In the sensorial aphasia (AP) there can be noticed the continuous perseveration, stuck-in-set, and the recurrent perseveration occurs along the test designing semantical and phonemic paraphasias due to language comprehension relative difficulty. In efferent motor aphasia (EF) there can be noticed the continuous, recurrent perseveration and stuck-in-set in phonemic-lexical and semantical productions. In the semantical aphasia (SI) there can be noticed recurrent perseveration, due to semantic-lexical difficulty. It was also observed that perseveration sometimes guides phonemic paraphasias predominantly the semantical ones. Perseveration co-occurrence was also present as well as a lesser occurrence of the carry-over phonemic type. Our research is an analysis essay according to the concept of perseveration proposed by Sandson and Albert (1984) in aphasia according to Luria s (apud Christensen, 1973) and Goldstein (1948) because we understand that his ideas enrich the discussion. For this reason, we can distinguish the pathological perseveration from the perseveration considered a normal process of language activity following the theoretical perspective of linguistic enunciation which confers an specific neurolinguistic statute to perseveration in aphasia. Four subjects have been evaluated. They have been neuropsychologically diagnosed with aphasia according to Luria s typology (apud Christensen, 1973) (efferent motor, amnestic, semantic and sensorial aphasia). Three of them are male and a female, from 51 to 73 years old, presenting a cerebrovascular disease and evaluated during one and twelve year period after the brain injury. The neurolinguistic exam of the aphasic patients is based on the Montreal Protocol - Toulose Aphasia Exam, Initial Standard Module, Alpha Version. PROJECT: Cabral, L.S. (org.) and M.S. Parente, M.A. M. P. (Coord.), (1981)*. The criteria of test adaptation were coherent to the research objectives. This study is an essay which aims to analyse the perseveration phenomenon in efferent motor, amnestic, semantic and sensorial aphasia. It was considered a discoursive-enunciative linguistic theoretical perspective - which pressuposes language activity produced in an interlocutive, historical, social space of the subject. Such conception provided the opportunity to distinguish perseveration in two contexts: The spontaneous language which involves interaction and the linguistic test, when the epilinguistic activity (hesitations, long pauses, reelaborations, antecipations, lapses, repetitions, etc.) and metalinguistics could be observed. Considering the lesser occurrence of perseveration in spontaneous language, one can conclude that perseveration is not always a pathological answer conveying to a clinical category that permeates the neurolinguistic semiology of perseveration in aphasia.

ASSUNTO(S)

acidentes vasculares cerebrais afasia perseveração (psicologia) linguagem

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados