Mosaico da sustentabilidade em destinos turísticos : cooperação e conflito de micro e pequenas empresas no roteiro integrado Jericoacoara - Delta do Parnaíba

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

This study focuses on social relationships which involve micro and small tourism businesses situated on Costa Norte, coastal zone formed by municipalities of three north eastern Brazilian counties named Ceará, Piauí and Maranhão. The research aims to identify components of cooperation and conflict on relationships developed by micro and small tourism firms which contribute to building positive conditions for destination sustainability as well as factors which influence those relations. The research methods were organized in three stages. He first one is an exploratory view based not only on non-structured interviews but also on field observation and secondary data research. The second represents a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews. The third consists on a survey, based on structured questionnaires, which was undertaken with 213 micro and small tourism businesses located in the three main tourism destinations along the mentioned region: Jericoacoara, Parnaíba and Barreirinhas. The data analysis combined descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques besides methods of social network analysis. Some features which differentiate the three destinations arose from their comparison: participation of the tourism sector in local economies, tourist demand characteristics, size, age and main activities of the firms, seasonality, the average number of employees per year, entrepreneurs origins and, finally, their linkage to the place. The observed results suggest that more systematic cooperation is more keen to contribute for destination sustainability such as participation in local committees; shared staff training and environmental education targeting tourists. All three cooperative actions are more remarkable in Barreirinhas. Moreover some other cooperative actions such as collective buying, tour package organization and shared care to the conservation area impact on the firm profit increase. On the other hand, cooperative actions such as recommendation of other businesses have not presented any impacts on the investigated parameters of sustainability. Just a few indicated positive results from conflicts such as improvements of relations and destinations, besides the rise of community perceived value. However some observations show that conflicts are relevant for cooperation since cooperative actions can emerge as attempts to deal with previous divergences. Briefly, some factors which may affect the analysed relationships are regarding as: the destination life cycle point which also addresses the importance of the tourism sector for the local economy; the level of dependency on the natural resources from the conservation area for tourism; the polarity of main local conflicts development by the firms; the importance of the integrated route policy for the commercial success of the destination; the responsiveness of local government to the tourism trade requests; (lack of) regulation of tourism activities; existence of an arena for local tourism stakeholders dialogue; destination seasonality, among other factors. To conclude is remarkable that the absence of conflict is not a sufficient nor a necessary condition for cooperation to emerge. Furthermore, neither all kinds of cooperation nor conflict contribute automatically for sustainability even though some manifestations of them can result in positive conditions for tourism destination sustainability.

ASSUNTO(S)

sustentabilidade outros cooperation conflito sustainability cooperação micro and small tourism businesses tourism micro e pequenas empresas (mpe) conflict turismo

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