Isolation, characterization and fermentative activity of mango pulp spoilage bacteria / Isolamento, caracterização e atividade fermentativa de bactérias deterioradoras de polpa de manga

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

The mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) is one of the most important tropical fruits. It is very appreciated due to its flavor and nutritional characteristics. The fruits are easily spoiled because of intrinsic factors, which makes difficult its commercialization in natura. An alternative to reduce the losts is the conservation of the mango as pulp, juice and nectar. The thermal treatment is the most used process to conservate these products. However, the complete inativation of microorganisms during the thermal processing adopted by most industries of fruit juices and fruit pulps is limited by the presence of spore formers and termorresistents microorganisms. This work aimed to isolate and to identificate spoilage bacteria from thermally processed mango pulp, and to characterize the fermentative activity of these microorganisms. Samples of 25 lots of spoiled mango pulp from two industrial units processing mango pulp were evaluated in plate count agar, added with 20 % of steril mango pulp. A number of 104 bacteria were isolated and were characterized as Gram-positive rods, spore formers and mostly strict anaerobic, indicating that belonged to the genus Clostridium. Four isolated named LMA 45, LMA 63, LMA 72 and LMA 104, provenient of different lots of mango pulp from two industrial units, were identified by biochemical tests and by the cell membrane fatty acids profile as Clostridium tyrobutyricum. These four isolates were selected for use in the experiments that followed. The isolates were cultivated in BHI broth within a pH range of 3.0 to 7.0 and temperatures between 7 C to 50 C. C. tyrobutyricum grew in the pH range of 4.0 to 7.0, except for isolate LMA 104, that did not grow in pH 4.0 up to 48 hours of incubation. None of the isolates was able to grow in pH 3.5. The specific growth rate (μ) was higher in pH values between 6.5 and 7.0 and varied from 0.18 to 0.31 h-1. The growth was observed in a temperature range from 10 C to 40 C, with an optimum between 35 C and 40 C. The fermentative activity of C. tyrobutyricum LMA 45, LMA 63, LMA 72 and LMA 104 was evaluated in mango pulp with pH varying from 3.0 to 5.0. Gas production was detected in pH of 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 before 50 hours of the incubation at 30 C, except for isolate LMA 104 which produced gas only after 100 hours of incubation. The other main products that resulted from mango pulp fermentation in pH values between 4.0 and 4.5 were acetate and butyrate, which was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The consumption of sucrose, glucose and frutose during mango pulp fermentation in pH 4.0 and 4.5 was also determined using HPLC. The C. tyrobutyricum isolates evaluated could grow at high sugar concentrations, as they fermented the mango pulp containing 729,2 mM of sugars, but did not use all the substrate. The growth of the isolates was inhibited in mango pulp at pH 3.5. This results suggest the adoption of the acidification strategy by the industries, wich generally process mango pulp with pH 4.0. This strategy might ensure the conservation of the fruit product, without changes in the thermal treatment.

ASSUNTO(S)

manga bactérias esporíficas fermentação microbiologia de alimentos deterioração clostridium tyrobutyricum deterioration spore formers bactérias anaeróbicas mango polpa de frutas fruit pulp fermentation anaerobic bactéria clostridium tyrobutyricum

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