Estudo de dois grupos de elementos de cana-de-açúcar homológos à superfamília hAT de transposons / Studies on hAT-like transposases in sugarcane superfamily

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences. Their mutagenic capacity makes them important sources of variation in the genomes. These elements have another important evolutionary role as donors of functional protein domains in the formation of new genes. 276 cDNA clones homologous to TEs were previously identified in the Brazilian Sugarcane Expressed Sequence Tag Project (SUCEST) databases. In this work, we have obtained the full sequences of 156 for these clones. These sequences were compared with Genbank database. We have identified 9 families of transposons and 11 families of retrotransposons. The most representative families found amongst the transposons were MuDr and hAT (wich encompass Ac and Tam3), with 43 and 32 cDNAs, respectively. Amongst the retrotransposons, the most representative family was Hopscotch, with 25 cDNAs. After this global analysis, we have focused our investigation in the hAT-like cDNAs. A comparative analysis of these cDNAs has revealed a profile of two distinct groups. Group I is composed of sequences with high conservation at nucleotide level, it is present in the genome of all grasses analysed (hybrids and parentals of sugarcane, maize and rice) with low copy number, it is expressed in leaves and roots of sugarcane, and more intensely in callus. In addition, group I sequences have clustered with domesticated transposases. The group II is composed of more heterogeneous sequences similar with the original elements that constitute the hAT superfamily: hobo (from Drosophilla melanogaster), Ac (from Zea mays) and Tam3 (from Antirrhinum majus). This group was shown to be restricted to the genome of Saccharum, with higher copy number than group one. Inverse-PCR assays has identified terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) to the cDNA TE221 from group II. Primers based on the sequences of the TIRs allowed us to recover three elements hAT-like from sugarcane’s genomic DNA: one of 3,5kb and another of 4,2kb, and a MITE of 250 bp. These results corroborate the strategy applied in order to recover elements from the sugarcane´s genome. Sequences homologous to both sugarcane group I and group II were found also in maize and rice, as well as in arabidopsis databases. These data suggest that the divergence of the two groups occured before the separation between the classes Monocotiledonea and Eudicotiledonea. Based on our results, we suggest the existence of an ancestral transposon hAT-like, present in angiosperms before the separation between Monocotiledonea and Eudicotiledonea, of which the transposase was captured to compose a new gene with some cellular function. Since the domestication event, these transposases followed distinct evolutive pathways, one as a regular gene and another as a bona fide transposon. These two forms of hAT-like transposases could be found in the sugarcane’s genome, represented by the elements from groups I and II, respectively.

ASSUNTO(S)

domesticated transposase cana-de-açúcar transposase domesticada transposon hat superfamily transposon sugarcane superfamília hat

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