Cultivo in vitro de Artemisia annua L. para a produção de artemisinina

AUTOR(ES)

Claudia Isabel Paola Hinojosa Chang

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

1996

RESUMO

Malaria, one of tbe major public health poblems in tropical countries, has been counteracted by syntbetic drogs such as chloroquine and their derivatives, presenting serious side effects. In addition their efficacy is affected mainly by the resistance of the malaria causing agent to these drugs. A plant extract from Artemisia annua, containing artemisinin, has been used for millenium in China, showing great efficacy against fevers including malaria. The influence of the nutrient concentrations in the standatd basal media of Murashige &Skoog (1962), Gamborg et al (1968) and White (1943), supplemented with growth regulators GA3 and IAA an the production of artemisinin and its precursor artemisinic acid, was observed using an in vitro culture of Artemisia annua L. The experiments showed that of the different media tested, White s medium (with lower nutrieot concentrations) better enhanced the growth of seedlings and artemisinin production. In order to optimize the in vitro poduction of artemisinin and artemisinic acid, White s medium was supplemented with a growth retardant (CCC) and the phosphate and nitrate levels reduced. it being shown that this did not affect the artemisinin content significantly. A fifty percent reduction in the initial nitrate content of White s medium significantly increased the artemisinic acid productian in the serial part. The addition of CCC (optimal concentration of 150 mg/l) to White s basal medium significantly increased artemisinic acid productian, especially in the serial part. Thus the study of the nutritional composition of an in vitro culture allowed optimization of the production of artemisinin and its precursor, with the objetive of obtaining an antimalarial drug, offering a valuable perspective for the pharmaceutical industry, since nowadays the chemical synthesis of artemisinin is technically and economically inviable.

ASSUNTO(S)

fertilização in vitro sesquiterpenos artemisia terpenios

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