Avaliação do impacto clínico e da viabilidade econômica da implantação de um modelo de Atenção Farmacêutica em uma Unidade Básica Distrital de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto - SP / Evaluation of the clinical impact and the economic viability of implementation a model of Pharmaceutical Care in a Basic Unit District of Health of Ribeirão Preto - SP.

Anna Paula de Sá Borges

Pharmaceutical Care is a new concept of professional practice where the pharmacist takes responsibility of the patients needs in relation to the rational use of medicines. The implementation and validation of a Pharmaceutical Care model in the Health Public System (HPS) may represent improvement in the quality of life of users carriers of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). The DM type 2 (DM2) is present in approximately 80 to 90% of the diabetic population and results, in general, of diferent degrees of insulin resistance and relative deficiency in the secretion of this hormone. In addition, this disease is a public health problem with growing prevalence, costly from a social and economic point of view. This study evaluated the clinical and economic viability of implementation of Pharmaceutical Care model in a Basic Unit District of Health (BUDH) of HPS in the Ribeirão Preto - SP. The service of Pharmaceutical Care followed 71 users carry DM2 since March 2006 to August 2007, in the Health Centre School of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto - SP (HCSFMRP/ USP-SP). The patients were monitored by prospective and retrospective studies, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this new model of practice in controlling biochemical, anthropometric and hemodynamic of individuals with DM2. In addition, this research identified and resolved the drug related problems that emerged during the period of study, and the results allow the analysis of the economic viability of the implementation of Pharmaceutical Care in HPS. At the end of the study, 33 users met the requirements set out in criteria for inclusion which determined that the users should have attended at least seven pharmaceutical consultations during the period of monitoring. Data analysis backward and forward of users included in this criteria, showed reductions in the values of fasting blood glucose (160.8 mg / dL to 7.9%), cholesterol (191.3 mg /±133.6 mg / dL), glycosylated hemoglobin (9.2% for dL to 165.4 mg / dL), LDL-C (113.9 mg / dL to 94.3 mg / dL), triglycerides (143.4 mg / dL to 134.7 mg / dL), systolic blood pressure (138.8 mmHg to 134.1 mmHg), diastolic (82.1 mmHg to 80.2 mmHg) and body mass index (31 Kg/m2 to 30 , 8 Kg/m2). It was identified 142 drug related problems of which 89 was solved, being the compliance and adverse drug reaction the most prevalent, reaching 54.2% and 28.2%, respectively. Analyzing the economic viability, it was observed a small reduction in the monthly costs of medicines used to treat diabetes, however considering the total cost of all medicines supplied to these users by HPS there was a slight increase, of R$ 561.94 to R$ 575.04. In relation to the costs of primary, secondary care sevices and ready attendance, it was founded reduction of $ 2619.81 to $ 1167.75, but was not associated with the phamaceutical care service. Thus, we can conclude that the Pharmaceutical Care improved metabolic control in diabetic patients and the quality of health of the user.

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