An ant colony algorithm applied to lay-up optimization of laminated composite plates

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a class of heuristic algorithms proposed to solve optimization problems. The idea was inspired by the behavior of real ants, related to their ability to find the shortest path between the nest and the food source. ACO has been applied successfully to different kinds of problems. So, this manuscript describes the development and application of an ACO algorithm to find the optimal stacking sequence of laminated composite plates. The developed ACO algorithm was evaluated on four examples for symmetric and balanced lay-up. The results of the first three cases, in w...