Variáveis urbanas na estruturação de assembleia de aves

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2012

RESUMO

Spatial organization of a city and the way how infrastructure is organized to attend human population needs, imposes different effects on the organization of assemblies. This study evaluated how the characteristics of an urban environment and the different intensities of urbanization act in avifauna organization. We verified the responses related to traditional metrics, such as species richness, abundance and taxonomic composition, besides the effects of urbanization on functional diversity (FD) and on functional composition. FD was calculated from Rao¿s quadratic entropy and functional traits used to characterize the species were the ones related to mass, diet, foraging substrate and nesting substrate. The urban area studied was the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil, inserted in a humid area of the Pampa biome. Birds¿ sampling and collection of urban variables (number of trees, number of buildings up to two floors or of more than two floors, presence of aquatic environment and presence of open environment) were carried out in 216 fixed points of observation, placed at different urbanization intensities. We used the method of fixed points of observation to sample the birds, with radius of 50 m and eight minutes of observation. The distance between one point and other was of 200 m, in order to avoid spatial autocorrelation. It was possible to note not only a gradient of urbanization intensity, but also a gradient related to humid areas. The increase of urbanization intensity decreased species richness, abundance and functional diversity. However, the gradient related to the humid areas had no influence on these variables. The increase in number of buildings decreased species richness and abundance, while the number of trees, presence of aquatic environments and open environments increased species richness and abundance. It was possible to note that traits related to areas with more intense urbanization, with buildings up to two floors and with more than two floors were: preference to foraging in the air, omnivory and nests in cavities. Traits related to areas with lower urbanization intensity and with humid areas were: preference to foraging in the water and nests over the water. Traits related to lower intensities of urbanization, with lower number of trees and higher number of grasslands were: preference to nests in vegetation, in lower places and in the ground and carnivory. This study showed the importance of characteristics that are not usually mentioned to other urban areas, as the presence of open environments and aquatic environments, evidencing that depending on the regional species pool, the urban habitats for priority mitigation measures may change.

ASSUNTO(S)

aves urbanization urbanização avifauna functional diversity avifauna humid areas pampa biome

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