Transformações na cadeia produtiva do leite : uma analise a partir das cooperativas

AUTOR(ES)

Sergio Rangel Figueira

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

1999

RESUMO

Milk productive chain prices paid by consumers as well as to producers, until the late 80 s, were State controlled. Such intervention, in spite of pursuing goals such as warrant producer s income and population access to dairy products, along these 45 years, emphasized the warranty of pasteurized milk supply with consumer prices accessible to the whole population. In order to achieve these goals, the govemment permitted that the real price paid to dairy farmer devalued and warranted annual supply through resorting to imports. Such policy triggered off a dairy cattleraising extensive growth model characterized by farmers low specialization and the incorporation of new productive areas, warranting national production growth. On the industrial link, prices intervention along with pasteurized milk features, which are the short durability and the refrigeration needs, resulted a weak competition among the firms. Dairy cooperatives and national companies dominated pasteurized milk regional markets, while transnational enterprises got into altemative dairy markets such as yogurt, ultra high temperature milk, desserts, etc. In the Early 90 s there was a major change in the institutional environment of the milk productive chain. The three changes were the following: the opening ofthe dairy market, the deregulation of prices and implementation of Mercosul. Such changes promoted a stronger competition among industrial firms, either on what refers to milk collection as to milk and dairy markets, resulting in products price reduction, pressing them down in ali the milk productive chain links and triggeling off an acquisition and fusion process leaded by private firms, mainly transnational ones. The goal of this dissertation is to analyze the institutional environment changes impacts over the milk productive chain industrial links and the competitive disadvantages of the cooperatives facing private firms in this new background. We intend also to analyze how some cooperatives are adapting to the new competitive environment. Cooperatives that historically presented a high participation in natura milk collection and processing up to the 80 s faced problems on the next decade, either due to ultra high temperature milk dissemination which pushed themi to change their market strategies, diversifying production, or due to financing problems - faced by all agriculture cooperatives - or even by the necessity of restructuring their administrative structure, tuming them able to follow milk productive chain changes and to be more opened to partmership and fusion, essential requirements to the new competitive environment

ASSUNTO(S)

cooperativas leite - produção

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