Simbologia cartográfica para biodiversidade: situação e critérios para elaboração

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Due to the importance of biological diversity, several measures for its conservation and sustainable use are being developed worldwide. In Brazil, some examples of these measures are the Program of Research in Biodiversity (PPBio) and the Brazilian Program of Bioprospecting and Sustainable Development of Biodiversity Products (PROBE). Parallel to these programs, and to the large volume of data being generated worldwide on the topic, the science of computing contributes significant tools for the study and knowledge of biodiversity. The Integrated Biodiversity World (Global Biodiversity Information Facility - GBIF) is an example, characterizing himself as an interoperable network of databases on biodiversity. Whereas data on biodiversity are geospatial in nature, it is essential the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and thematic maps in their study. However, the symbols used to represent biodiversity does not officially have a standardized, making it a less immediate interpretation of the elements of the map. This is aggravated when seeking to integrate data from different sources, as the case of the GBIF above. The aim of this study was to evaluate the situation with regard to standardization of cartographic symbols on biodiversity, proposing the symbols, the criteria for better transmission of information, facilitating a future standardization. To achieve these objectives, research was needed on Theoretical Cartography and currents, in addition to the biodiversity issue and its concepts. The Alphabet of Cartographic Ramirez, the theory of graphic semiology, Peirce and the Theory of Design were also key issues for the development of this work, besides the removal of the symbology that is being used today. It was found that some issues such as intention to use the map, the user needs, available methods for the reproduction of maps, the map scale, generalization and symbolization should be observed, being considered in the preparation processes of cartographic symbols. However, listed are three fundamental criteria that contribute to better transmission of information from the cartographic symbology biodiversity: Theory of Peirce: proposed format for the symbols, with the characteristics of the environment represented; theory of Bertin, with perceptual properties important for transmission of information with monossêmico character; and Design, so that the symbols have the most varied forms, unambiguously, in order to express the perceptual properties proposed by Bertin the form as proposed by Peirce

ASSUNTO(S)

simbologia cartography biodiversity interoperability oceanografia padronização biodiversidade interoperabilidade cartografia symbolism standardization

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