Resistência genética, fungicidas e solarização para o controle de Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. &Broome) Ferraris na cultura de alface (Lactuca sativa L.). / Genetic resistance, fungicides and solarization for the control of Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. &Broome) Ferraris in lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa L.).

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

Lettuce is the most used leafy vegetable in Brazil. Its crop is being severely affected by Thielaviopsis basicola, fungus which causes root rot and stunting in plants. There are no control studies about this pathogen for the brazillian conditions. This research aimed: to determine the T. basicola occurence in São Paulo State commercial lettuce and other leafy vegetables crops, the temperature effect on isolates pathogenicity in vitro and control viability evaluation by lettuce resistant varieties, fungicides and solarization with and without organic matter amendments. Fourteen T. basicola isolates were got from lettuce, chicory and arugula necrotic roots. Temperature effect on the isolates pathogenicity in vitro was determined in inoculated seeds sown on the surface of water agar medium. Two trials were carried out. In the first one, fourteen lettuce varieties were inoculated with L1 isolate at 21 and 30ºC. In the second, only cv. Elisa was inoculated with fourteen T. basicola isolates, at 21 and 27ºC. The isolate L1 was the most aggressive at 21ºC than 30ºC, causing higher disease severity and seedling length restriction of all varieties. All isolates induced root rot and reduced seedlings length at 21 and 27ºC, but A2 isolate was the most aggressive one. All isolates were more aggressive at 27 rather than 21ºC, except L1 and L2 isolates. Lettuce varieties reactions to three T. basicola isolates were evaluated in vivo. First about thirteen varieties were challenged with L1 isolate and later, six of them were inoculated with A2 and CH isolates. Butterhead types were susceptible and Grand Rapids types were resistant, except cv. Veronica. Iceberg type varieties varied in their reaction to pathogen. Fungicide effect on mycelial growth and sporulation in vitro was determined for three T. basicola isolates. Nine fungicides were tested for L1 isolate and seven for A2 and CH isolates, at concentrations of 0; 0,1; 1; 10 and 100 ppm of active ingredient. Carbendazim was the most effective. Seven fungicides efficacy was evaluated to control of T. basicola in vivo. All tested products were efficient, but tebuconazole and triadimenol were the best ones. The control of T. basicola through soil solarization with and without chicken litter and coarse castor bean meal amendments, at 10 ton / ha, also was evaluated. Soil solarization alone and combined with organic matter amendments were both effective ways to control the pathogen. The best results were got with incorporation of coarse castor bean meal followed by solarization, which allowed increase in fresh weight and length of plants, and avoided root rot symptoms.

ASSUNTO(S)

organic matter variedade resistente resistant variety soil solarization doença de planta matéria orgânica alface lettuce efeito da temperatura fungicida fungicide plant disease solarização do solo temperature effect

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