Representação social de mulheres/mães sobre as práticas alimentares de crianças menores de um ano / Women/Mothers social representation regarding the feeding practices of children under one year of age.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The feeding practices of children under one year of age take on innumerable particularities that transcend the biological aspect, and, therefore, should be analyzed according to the cultural, psychological, social, and economic dimensions. Hence, the aim of this study was to understand what social representations that women/mothers have toward the feeding practices of children under one year of age. This is a qualitative study, developed with 15 women/mothers of children under one year of age, users of a public health service in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State. Data collection was performed using semi-structured interviews, which were recorded and fully transcribed, in addition to photographs of the childs social context in feeding, provided by the mothers. This process took place after receiving consent from the participants at their households. The content was categorized based on content analysis technique, thematic mode, and the photographs allowed for a complementary analysis. Considering the social representations from the social-anthropologic perspective, the authors analyzed how women, as child care agents, particularly regarding their childs feeding practices, act in the various dimensions of the "social feeding environment". Four thematic categories emerged: 1) The context of constructing child feeding practices: feeding the family; 2) Child feeding in the first year of life; 3) People considered as a reference for child feeding practices, and 4) Child feeding and health. Eating is a persons first socialization experience, and the family is traditionally the location where social learning takes place. Therefore, parents, particularly mothers, have the role of being the first eating educators. Mothers provide the senses and ideologies that support and determine feeding decisions, from the first food provided, breast milk, to the introduction of food in the family. The childs eating behavior is limited by physiological conditionings, such as alternations between feelings of hunger and satiation. Children demonstrate these parameters, and guide the mothers act of offering her breast to her child and of evaluating her capacity of nursing, which may raise the need of introducing another milk. In complementary feeding, the socioeconomic aspect determines the selection of foods and the value assigned to the food that has the vitamins needed to feed the child. The acceptance of food, evaluated based on the amount consumed, is understood as the being a childs preference, and will guide the mothers behaviors in the future. Furthermore, there is an assumption that accepting food is a behavior expected in healthy children. The preparation of child food follows principles that believe to be compatible with the childs stage of development, in which texture and consistency are considered to avoid chocking, but are also made thick to assure child nourishment. Child feeding practices are guided by knowledge that skims over the legitimacy of scientific discourse and reaches the subjectivity of the knowledge of women in the relational environment, one that is mainly of feminine domain. The early introduction to family food, "he eats the same food we eat" is a common practice. Thus, feeding practices are established in their own universe, which goes beyond access to information and socioeconomic condition. However, they are also subject to the disagreement existing between the declared practice and the real practice, and are guided by the representations of food as a source of satiation, avoiding hunger, providing nourishment, and making the child strong and healthy.

ASSUNTO(S)

alimentação artificial bottle feeding breast feeding culture saúde materno-infantil aleitamento materno cultura maternal and child health

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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