Relação entre doenças periodontais e aterosclerose subclínica em indivíduos com hipercolesterolemia familiar / Association between periodontitis and subclinical atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia individuals

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease with consequent destruction of teeth supporting tissues. It has multifactorial etiology, and its main cause is accumulation of periodontal pathogens on the dental surface. Periodontitis has been associated with the advance of atherosclerosis. Familial hypercholesterolemia patients display premature development of atherosclerosis due to chronic exposure to high levels of total cholesterol and LDL-c. The association between subclinical atherosclerosis and periodontitis in this population has not been previously studied. Objective: This study analyzed the relation between coronary and/or carotid atherosclerosis and the periodontitis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Methods: 82 individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia according to the U.S. MEDPED criteria (case group) and 31 healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled. Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by three methods: coronary artery calcification, common carotid-artery intima and media thickness and the diameter of right common carotid artery, and arterial stiffness measured by aortic pulse wave velocity. All individuals answered a structured questionnaire and were submitted to a complete periodontal evaluation. Gingival inflammation, the presence of bacterial biofilm, probing depth, gingival recession and clinical attachment level were examined in six sites per tooth in each individual. Continuous variables were compared by Student t test or Mann-Whitney test. For categorical variables, Chisquare or Fisher exact test were applied. Results: In the control group, 32.3% showed advanced periodontitis, whereas in the case group, 64.1 % showed advanced periodontitis (p=0,001). In control and case groups, 19.4% versus 43.4% respectively showed more than 15 % of sites with probing depth >4mm (p=0,02). Intra-group analysis revealed that both FH and healthy individuals showed positive association between advanced periodontitis and higher values of intima-media thickness (p=0.04), pulse wave velocity (p=0.04), C-reactive protein (p=0.02) and serum leukocytes (p=0.04). Advanced periodontitis was not associated with coronary artery calcification. Conclusions: Advanced periodontitis, subclinical atherosclerosis and elevated inflammatory markers were more frequently observed in FH individuals

ASSUNTO(S)

coronary disease/ etiology fatores de risco doença das coronárias/etiologia carotid arteries/ ultrassonography risk factors tomografia computadorizada por raios x hipercolesterolemia hypercholesterolemia doenças periodontais tomography x-ray computed periodontal disease artérias carótidas/ultrasonografia

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