Orographic enhancement processes of precipitation in Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil. / Processos de Intensificação Orográfica da Precipitação na Serra do Mar em São Paulo.

AUTOR(ES)

Cintia Maria Rodrigues Blanco

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

1999

RESUMO

This is the first Brazilian study on processes of orographic rainfall enhancement. The studied mountain range is Serra do Mar in the southeastern coast region of the São Paulo State, where the average annual accumulation exceeds 4000 mm. The used data set was composed by 30-minute recording raingauge network, 10-minute CAPPI maps from the Ponte Nova S-band radar, satellite imageries, sea surface temperature fields and synoptic and local surface meteorological observations. The temporal coverage was March 1991 through March 1995. El Niño/Southern Oscillation occurred during all this period. Results showed orographic enhancement processes are common all year long, specially in spring. Most part of 144 analyzed events spent less than 12 hours accumulating until 50 mm in a stratiform rain rate. These features have seasonal and spatial variations. The orographic enhancement events are usually associated to post frontal conditions, southeast surface winds, high surface relative humidity, cloudy conditions in São Paulo eastern region and clear sky inland. This study has concluded that the seeder-feeder mechanism was responsible for the majority of observed orographic enhancement cases, followed by seeder-feeder/triggered convection occurring simultaneously and then by triggered convection mechanism and finally by autoconvertion. The most interesting impact of these phenomena in this region is the land slides along the hill steep slope due to their social and economical losses. Some accident occurences were associated to orographic enhancement cases. The greatest accident risks lie in high precipitation accumulations with long duration and small rainfall rates. All of them are frequent near the top of Serra do Mar.

ASSUNTO(S)

intensificação orográfica radar meteorológico precipitação escorregamento de encosta rain serra do mar land slides serra do mar orographic precipitation s-band radar

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