Marx visits Monsanto: to think the agrarian question on the XXI century. / Marx visita a Monsanto: para pensar a questão agrária no século XXI.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

This work seeks to relate the ressurgence and protagonism of the peasant movements on the space of world articulation and alternatives building to neoliberalism, identified with the World Social Forum (WSF) process. On the peasants discourse to globalization in this context, the opposition to the genetically modified organisms (transgenics) in its introduction in agriculture has served as a catalytic element and mobilized other movements and segments of civil society, beyond the farms and rural areas. Such effect is due to the political characterization in framing the introduction of this technology; this has been obtained exceedingly by the peasants discourse on defense of its territories and the Food Sovereignty of peoples and States, facing the control of the global agro-food systems by some few transnational corporations of the sector, as in the emblematic case of transgenic soy, the Monsanto company. Located within the macro debate on agriculture liberalization in the World Trade Organization (WTO); the juridical international framework to protect intellectual property; and the risks of genetic contamination of ecosystems, the opposition to transgenics in agriculture offers a red thread to comprehend the dynamics of how capitalism operates today. In the process through peasants became proletarians, the genetic control and privatization of the seeds serve as a corner stone. In this sense, transgenics update and give new meaning to the nucleus of themes and problems known for the marxist tradition as the Agrarian Question. Also, the peasant movements restate to theoretical framing the centrality of the labor process in apprehending the contradictions in reality, highlighting the ecological dimensions, and qualifying the productive activity that directly transforms nature; from there it is associated a critic to the ideology of technological progress as if dissociated of a political project. These imbrications are specially suitable to recover Marx today, freed from Marxism, seeking to update the critical perspective of political economy in relation to the contemporary concept of environmental rationality, thus incorporating the ecological dimension to politics as to economy. In this view, the peasant movements would be on the avant-garde of contesting the capitalist structures of production, as would they be pointing to on the interface of politics and ecology the ways to build a socialist project for the XXI century.

ASSUNTO(S)

capitalismo movimentos camponeses transgênicos sociologia capitalism transgenics peasant movements

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