Low birth weight and air pollution in the city of São Paulo / Baixo peso ao nascer e a poluição do ar no município de São Paulo

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

The birth weight is an important factor of the morbi-mortality neonatal determination and of the mortality neonatal, and then of big importance to public health, due frequency that it occurs. Therefore, the Health World Organization considers the low birth weight (LBW) the most important isolated factor in childhood survival. A lot of risk factors have been described as associated to LBW occurrence, for example, the mother smoker and low social-economic level(nível sócio-econômico). Recently, the air pollution has been investigated as possible LBW determinant. The distribution of birth weight in the city of São Paulo (average 3.160g with 8.9% of LBW) is inferior to that one expected when having good conditions of fetal growth (average between 3400-3500g with 4-5% of LBW). This distribution has been kept stable for the last 22 years, despite of favorable evolution of the nutritional state of the pregnants, pre-birth assistance and the habit of smoking during the pregnancy. However, the indices of atmospheric pollution are high in São Paulo, this factor can be affecting the development intra-uterine of the children that are born here. Considering the factor that the LBW prevalence in the city of São Paulo city has stayed stable for the last twenty years, that is, a high prevalence, and the fact of São Paulo has high rates of air pollution, its possible to suppose that the air pollution can be affecting the intra-uterine development of childhood are born. Therefore, it claims to realize a study to value a possible association of LBW and the air pollution in the city of São Paulo. All the births of mothers living in this city between 1998- 2000 were analysed. The information about these born-alive was obtained from Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) through of yours instrument, the Declaração de Nascido Vivo (DN). The information about air pollution was obtained from Compahia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB), that supplied the daily registers of sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The effect of mother exposure to air pollution, each pregnancy trimester about the LBW prevalence was made on linear and logistic models. The maternal exposure to PM10, CO, NO2 and SO2 during the first trimester of pregnancy showed association statistically significant with the decrease in the weight of the new-born child. For an increasing in the maternal average exposure, during the first trimester of pregnancy, in 1 ppm of CO, was observed a decrease of 11.9g in the weight born.

ASSUNTO(S)

poluição do ar mortalidade neonatal recém-nascido low birth weight mortality air pollution baixo peso ao nascer morbi-mortality morbi-mortalidade neonatal new-born

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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