Living human oocytes with first polar body extrusion from patients with moderate and severe endometriosis contain a higher percentage of telophase I oocytes. / Análise não invasiva do fuso celular de oócitos e os resultados dos procedimentos de reprodução assistida em mulheres inférteis com endometriose

Luciana Azôr Dib

Introduction: Although it has been a controversial issue for decades, a deleterious role of endometriosis on assisted reproductive techniques (ART) outcomes is questioned, which may be related to oocyte quality. For a mature oocyte be prepared for fertilization is necessary that the meiotic spindle keeps its integrity and its function. Objectives: To compare the presence and localization of the meiotic spindle and the oocyte nuclear maturation with the visible first polar body of infertile patients with and without endometriosis. To compare ICSI outcomes between oocytes on telophase I and metaphase II, and the ones with and without visible meiotic spindle, on those two groups. Methodology: A prospective and controlled study with infertile patients who underwent ovarian stimulation for purposes of ICSI, selected consecutively and divided into two groups: control (tubal and/or male factor) and endometriosis (subdivided in minimum and mild stage I/II versus moderate and severe stage III/IV). The oocytes with the first polar body extruded (in vivo matured oocytes) were imaged using a polarization microscopy immediately before ICSI and characterized according to the presence and localization of meiotic spindle and its relation to the first polar body and the nuclear maturation stage (telophase I and metaphase II). We have analyzed the fertilization rates, clivage, number of good quality embryos on the second (D2) and third (D3) day of development from oocytes on telophase I versus the ones on metaphase II, and metaphase II visible spindle versus the non-visible ones, on the control groups, endometriosis, endometriosis stage I/II and endometriosis stage III/IV. Results: A total of 441 oocytes were analyzed, 254 oocytes form the control group and 187 from the endometriosis one (115 from endometriosis stage I/II and 72 from endometriosis stage III/IV). No significant differences between the percentage of metaphase II with visible and non-visible meiotic spindle were found (88,6%, 91,3%, and 88,2%, in the control, endometriosis I/II and endometriosis III/IV groups, respectively). Among the apparently matured oocytes, we have observed a significant increase of oocytes on telophase I on the endometriosis III/IV group (5,6%) when compared with the endometriosis I/II group (0%). We have observed a tendency to fewer fertilization rates from the injected oocytes on telophase I when compared with the ones on metaphase II, on the control group (p=0,08), endometriosis (p=0,05) and endometriosis III/IV group (p=0,09). When we compared oocytes with and without visible meiotic spindle, we found no significant difference on ICSI outcomes among the studied groups. Conclusions: We have found no significant difference among the studied groups regarding the visualization and localization of the meiotic spindle from in vivo matured oocytes with a visible first polar body. However, we have observed a significant increase on the number of oocytes on telophase I from patients with moderate and severe endometriosis, suggesting a delay or an impairment in the completion of meiosis I. Since the injected oocytes on telophase I present a worse fertilization rates than the ones injected on metaphase II, this finding could explain the impairment on the outcomes of ART in infertile women with moderate and severe endometriosis, besides it could be used as a prognosis tool after ICSI procedures.

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