Justiça distributiva: uma leitura da obra de John Rawls

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

A fairer income distribution has been debated as a way of making viable the democratic societies with liberal characteristics. The problem to be examined in this investigation is exatly the possibilities that the governments called liberal have, promoting reforms that result in such possibilities. In this way, we will be giving focus on the work A theory of justice from the American philosopher Jhon Rawls. Inserted in the contractualist traditions, it elaborates a justice as fairness, placing itself as an alternative to the utilitarian doctrine. The democratic governments, according to Rawls, must ensure that public politics have a consistent distributive justice as a consequence. These governments must be plural, and conflits of philosophical, moral or religious order must not prevent a reasonable agreement as a way of making viable a basic structure of the society. Using a rational artifice in which the agreementes are valid for everyone, Rawls creates the artifice of original position. In this situation the members of society placed as moral subjects, and, protected by a veil of ignorance, will choose the principles of justice that will guarantee the full exercise of the basic liberties. They guarantee, therefore, the access to the material and immaterial goods, which will provide the creation of a minimally fair society with its citizens. The concept of the principle of difference is introduced as a way to guarantee that the differences are acceptable as long as they benefit the less favored people. A democratic society established in these terms, with a reasonable conception of distributive justice requires an overlapping consensus that is preceded by a constitution that will take into account the tolerance among people. John Rawlss political liberalism takes into consideration a freedom equal for everyone and accompanied of a democratic equality. There are no justifications of extreme inequalities in its society. According to him, the basic structure of the society must have a balance between the ones who earn more or earn less and these differences can only be justified if they are going to improve everyones life quality

ASSUNTO(S)

john rawls distributive justice filosofia liberalism society posição original princípios de justiça liberalismo original position principles of justice democracia democracy sociedade justiça distributiva

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