Investigação de anemia ferropriva em crianças de 6 meses a 24 meses de idade atendidas no Ambulatório de Puericultura do Hospital da Polícia Militar de Minas Gerais: prevalência e fatores de risco associados

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in 6 to 24 month-old infants and identify the possible risk factors. It was a transversal type study, performed at the well-child clinic at the Hospital Militar de Minas Gerais, from august to december 2004 and included 157 children. The nutritional status was evaluated by the anthropometric indexes (weight/age, stature/age and weight/stature) in z score using a CDC/NCHS anthropometric reference. The diagnosis of anemia was made by determining the serum hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations. Children with hemoglobin concentrations lower than 11,0 g/dl and ferritin values lower than 12 ìg/L were considered anemic. Data on socio-economic conditions, delivery and birth, morbidity status, ingestion of iron supplements and other medications and alimentary habits were also collected. The mean age was 9 months, being 98.6% of infants less than 18 months-old and 54.8% were female. The prevalence of anemia found in this study was 27.4%, with 83,7% of anemic patients showing mild anemia, 17,3% moderate anemia and none of the cases had severe anemia (Hb <9.5g/dl). Iron deficiency was found in 55.8% of the evaluated anemic patients, and the mean serum ferritin was 14,28 ìg/L±13,5). Only 27.4% of the evaluated children had the hemoglobin concentration dosed prior to the study. About 76.4% of infants were been given iron supplementation at the time of the study and 31.8% were using other medications, specially vitamins. The most frequently found nutritional deficit in the studied population was the weight/age (5.7%). The compromising of the actual weight detected by the weight index/height was 3.2%, a value also found for stature deficit. As to the maternal variables it was found that the mothers mean age were 30.73±5.12 years, of which 79.3% had ages between 20 and 35 years-old and 59.9% had senior secondary school education. The working mothers accounted for 30.6% and only 5.1% were single mothers. Analyzing the paternal variables it was found that 73.9% of the fathers had senior secondary school graduation and all of them worked. The family income had a mean minimum wage per capta of 1.25 (minimum wage at the time was R$ 260,00) with a variation of 0.3 to 5.33 times the minimum wage per capta. Analyzing the variables on birth it was found that 11.1% of the children had low weight at birth and 2.5% were born premature. It was also observed that 40.8% of the mothers were first-time mothers and 65.5% underwent cesarean delivery. Data on breastfeeding showed that 94.3% of the infants were breastfed with a mean time of 7 months. Predominant breastfeeding accounted for 89.2% of children with a mean time of 4 months. At the time of the study 70.06% of the children were being given cow milk and only 17.83% were still being breastfed after 6 months-old. It was also found that 52.2% of the mothers offered citric juices during lunch time and 33.6% gave their children milk near meals. None of the evaluated variables were considered a risk for developing anemia. The conclusion is that anemia prevalence in this study was relatively lower compared to the ones found in several cities and regions of the country, probably due to the facilitated access to the well-child clinic.

ASSUNTO(S)

deficiências nutricionais decs prevalência decs anemia decs lactente decs dissertação da faculdade de medicina. ufmg dissertações acadêmicas decs fatores de risco decs estudos transversais decs deficiência de ferro decs pediatria teses.

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