Integração dos processos de eletrodiálise e de degradação fotoquímica para o tratamento de efluentes salinos contendo fenol. / Integration of electrodialysis and photochemical degradation process for the treatment of a saline wastewater containing phenol.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Chemical oxidation processes can be used to treat industrial wastewater containing non-biodegradable organic compounds. However, the presence of dissolved salts may inhibit or retard the treatment process. In this work, a coupled process is studied including a desalination step by electrodialysis (ED) associated with an advanced oxidation process (photo-Fenton) with a synthetic wastewater containing NaCl and phenol. The experimental study concerning ED was carried out using a pilot plant. The influence of process variables, like the initial water composition and the electrical current intensity, on the demineralization factor was investigated. Experiments were also performed without electrical current application, in order to determine the unfavorable phenol transfer through the membranes due to diffusion. The phenol and salt concentration variations in the ED compartments were measured over time, using dedicated procedures and an experimental design to determine the global characteristic parameters. A phenomenological approach was used to relate the phenol, salt and water fluxes with the driving force (concentration and electric potential gradients). Under normal ED conditions, two contributions were pointed out for the phenol transport, i.e. diffusion and convection, this latter coming from the water flux due to electroosmosis related to the migration of salts. The fitting of the parameters of the transport equations resulted in good agreement with the experimental results over the range of conditions investigated. Photo-Fenton oxidation process was studied in a laboratory batch reactor. As expected, the results confirm the negative effect of the salt concentration on the phenol removal efficiency by oxidation. This effect was not found to be linear concerning salt concentration and degradation rate. Due to the complexity of these reaction systems, a model based on artificial neural networks has been developed to fit the experimental data. This model describes the evolution of the pollutant concentration i.e. phenol, by means of a reaction rate, during irradiation time under various operating conditions. The mathematical model comprising the ED and photo-oxidation steps were used to evaluate the process sensitivity in relation to the process variables considered. A dynamic model was developed to ED and a continuous model, using a plug flow reactor approach, to the oxidation process. Finally, the hybrid resulting simulation could validate different scenarios of the integrated system and can be used for further optimization.

ASSUNTO(S)

modelos matemáticos integração (processos) integration (process) electrodialysis oxidation (process) eletrodiálise oxidação (processos) mathematical models wastewater (treatment) efluentes (tratamento)

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