Incorporação de ácidos graxos trans e seus efeitos em diferentes fases do crescimento de ratos / Trans fatty acids incorporation and its effects in different phases of rat growth

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Clinical, epidemiological and experimental evidences certify the role of trans fatty acids in the genesis of non-transmissible chronic diseases. The atherogenic effects of trans fatty acids produced by industrialization process are well known in adult subjects. However, little is known about its effects on maternal-infantile and infantile-juvenile populations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of trans fatty acid intake on blood lipid profile and its deposition in the liver, adipose tissue and serum of Wistar rats after birth, weaning and growth states. Hence, 40 female rats and their male offspring were used, 20 newborn, 20 weaning and 20 young adults were separated into control and trans groups in each phase. The animals during pregnancy and during growth of both groups received AIN-93 diet with modifications. The source of trans fatty acids was hydrogenated vegetable fat at 5% of the energy of the diet. After birth, weaning and growth, the rats were euthanized and the abdominal adipose tissue, liver and serum were collected. It was determined the lipid profile by gas chromatography after lipid extraction by direct methylation. It was analyzed the levels of serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose as well as the liver morphometric analysis and hepatic- somatic index. The data were analyzed by t-test of Student and analysis of variance ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation to evaluate the relation between essential fatty acids. The results showed that trans fatty acid accumulated in higher proportion in the liver and adipose tissue of the newborn rats (P<0.05). However, the accumulation of trans fatty acids in the liver did not affect the synthesis of long chain fatty acids, probably due to the adequacy of the requirement of essential fatty acids. There was negative and significant correlations (P<0.001) between trans fatty acids and linoleic acid in the adipose tissue of weaning and young adult rats, and between linolenic and aracdonic acid in the adipose tissue of young adult rats. Fasting blood glucose was higher in young adult rats fed trans fatty acids than the control (P=0.004). The liver morphometric analysis showed higher lipid accumulation in rats fed trans fatty acids than the control group in all phases, and the difference was significant between newborn and weaning rats (P<0.01). The hepatic-somatic index showed significant difference between groups in the young adult rats (P<0.05). In conclusion, trans fatty acids accumulated in the adipose tissue, liver and serum at different ways in the analyzed phases, and promoted hyperglycemia in young adult rats and higher accumulation of lipids in the liver of newborn rats.

ASSUNTO(S)

human nutrition nutrição humana bioquimica da nutricao trans fatty acids Ácidos graxos trans

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