In vitro and in vivo appraisal of pre-heated resin composite with relation to polymerization kinetics /

Márcia Daronch

This work examined multiple aspects of pre-heating dental resin composite prior to light-curing: the monomer conversion and polymerization kinetics as a function of cure temperature, light-exposure duration and depth; the performance of the heating device (maximum temperature, thermal stability of device and temperature change when pre-heating compules); and clinically relevant issues (the effect of repeated and extended pre-heating cycles on conversion; in vitro intrapulpal temperature change and in vivo temperature change when using either room-temperature or pre-heated composite). Monomer conversion and kinetic parameters were determined using FTIR-ATR. Specimens were cured for 5, 10, 20 or 40s between 3 o and 60 o C. Real-time monomer conversion, maximum conversion rate, time into exposure when maximum rate occurred, and conversion at maximum rate were calculated. Data were analyzed using regression analysis, Student s t-tests, and ANOVA with appropriate post-hoc tests (alpha = 0.05). Performance of the heating device was measured by monitoring the real-time temperature change with a K-type thermocouple connected to an analog-to-digital converter. Thermocouples were placed both in the heater and inside composite compules. Data were analyzed using Student t-test (alpha = 0.05). Compules (n=5) were submitted to one of the temperatures cycles: Repeated (from room temperature to 60 o C, 10 times) or Extended pre-heating (24h at 60 o C). Monomer conversion was measured 24h after cycling, with composite at room temperature, following the protocol described above. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test (alpha = 0.05). Intrapulpal temperature rise was measured by placing a K-type thermocouple in the pulp chamber of a extracted, human premolar, which had a Class V preparation (1mm remaining dentin thickness). The preparation was filled using composite either at room-temperature, or pre-heated while continuously monitoring intrapulpal temperature (n=5). Data were compared using ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test (α =0.05). For measurement of temperature change in vivo, 2mm deep preparations were made on posterior teeth of a live human subject (n=3). Temperature values were recorded by placing a custom-made probe on the tooth preparation after each restorative procedure and during insertion of resin-composite at room temperature or pre-heated to 60°C. Data were compared using a 2-way ANOVA, and Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test (α =0.05). Results indicated that: 1) pre-warming composite prior to polymerization results in greater conversion, requires shorter exposure duration, and enhances maximal rate of conversion without changing the time into the exposure when the maximum rate occurs; 2) either the heating device or the compules achieved lower temperatures than those stated by the manufacturer; composite temperature loss upon removal from the heater was dramatic; 3) neither repeated nor extended pre-heating of composites significantly affected monomer conversion values; 4) no increase in intrapulpal temperature values was observed when comparing room temperature and pre-heated composite; 5) temperature measurement in vivo revealed that composite pre-heated to 60°C attains only 8 o C above intraoral temperature upon delivery; thus, the composite pre-heating technique should be used with caution.

In vitro and in vivo appraisal of pre-heated resin composite with relation to polymerization kinetics / "Avaliação in vitro e in vivo da resina composta pré-aquecida em relação à cinética de polimerização

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