Identificação e quantificação do gene pirrolnitrina (prnD) em Terra Preta Antropogênica da Amazônia por PCR em tempo real / Identification and quantification of pyrrolnitrin gene (prnD) in Anthropogenic Dark Earth by Real-time PCR

AUTOR(ES)

Lina Chuan Wong

FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

30/08/2011

RESUMO

Anthropogenic Dark Earth (ADE) is considered one of the world\ s most fertile soils and receives this name because it originated from human action, probably by pre-Columbian populations who lived in these archaeological sites. Because of the common trend in agriculture towards sustainability antibiotic-producing bacteria is an alternative for biocontrol to plant diseases. Pyrrolnitrin (PRN) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by various strains of Burkholderia and Pseudomonas that have been isolated from different soils. However, little is known about PRN-producing bacteria screened from ADE, even as the ecology and frequency of pyrrolnitrin gene. PNR is encoded by an operon comprised by four genes and prnD gene is responsible for catalyze the oxidation to form pyrrolnitrin. In this work, we studied the gene prnD through culture dependent and independent methods. Conventional PCR were established to detect prnD gene in bacterial isolates screened in ADE and their adjacent soils (ADJ) and identification were done by sequencing. Based on the results generated by MOTHUR prnD sequences from isolates were grouped into 10 groups. A representative of each group was used in the test of antagonism against the plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Soil samples of ADE and its adjacent soils were collected from two sites: Caldeirão Capoeira (secondary forest for over 20 years) and Caldeirão Cultivado (cultivated with cassava for at least 30 years). The total DNA extracted from soil samples was used as template in quantitative PCR reactions to determine the abundance of prnD gene. In soil samples was also quantified the 16S rRNA. In the study culture-dependent, in a total of 219 isolates (175 Burkholderia and 44 Pseudomonas), 60 isolates of Burkholderia and 3 Pseudomonas exhibited positive amplification for prnD gene. Phylogenetic analysis of prnD gene showed that most of the sequences obtained in this study grouped distinctly from sequences of the GenBank database. It indicates that there is diversity in prnD gene of isolates from amazonian soils and they may differ from those previous described. The antagonism test showed that isolates with genetic potential for production of pyrrolnitrin are also bioactive against Fusarium oxysporum, exhibiting strong antimicrobial activity. In culture-independent study, the site Caldeirão Cultivado, ADE soil showed higher copies number of prnD gene and 16S rRNA gene than in ADJ soil. At the site Caldeirão Capoeira, surrounding soil had a higher amount of prnD gene (1.74 x105 copies / g soil) than ADE soil (2.48 x104 copies / g soil), however, in ADE total bacteria was more abundant. These results show that the real-time PCR assay developed in this study was highly sensitive and specific enabling the detection of sensitive and significant differences between soils in the quantification of prnD gene. Soil variables such as pH, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and micronutrients significantly correlated with abundance of prnD gene

ASSUNTO(S)

anthropogenic dark earth antibiotic-producing bacteria antimicrobial activity atividade antimicrobiana bactérias produtoras de antibiótico pcr em tempo real pirrolnitrina pyrrolnitrin real-time pcr terra preta antropogênica

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