Flavins promote changes in the extracellular matrix, signal transduction, antioxidant enzymes and metalloproteinases during osteoblast differentiation / Flavinas promovem mudanças na matriz extracelular, vias de transdução de sinal, enzimas antioxidantes e metaloproteinases durante a diferenciação de osteoblastos

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Riboflavin (Rb-Vitamin B2) is the precursor of essential flavocoenzymes, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). These coenzymes participate in numerous enzymatic processes dependent on electron transfer reactions that occur in energyproducing, biosynthetic, and detoxifying and electron-scavenging pathways. Increase dietary riboflavin and pyridoxine intake has been associated with higher bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Photoderivatives of riboflavin have been shown strong activity in haematological malignancy and prostate cancer cells, however, the direct effect of Rb and its photoderivatives on osteoblast has not been examined. In this work, the biologic effects of Rb and irradiated riboflavin (IRb) were investigated in the MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cell line, a well-accepted model of osteogenesis in vitro characterized for the induction of specific genes associated with the osteoblastic phenotype when treated with ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate. Cell viability was assessed by MTT reduction, neutral red uptake and nucleic acids content. Osteoblastic differentiation markers were analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR (osteopontin and osteocalcin), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measured colorimetrically and collagen synthesis by Sirius red staining. Metalloproteinases (MMP) -9 and -2 activities were assayed by gelatin zymography. Peptide microarray of substrate specificity to kinases and immunoblotting were used to identify the effects on signal transduction pathways. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione Stransferase) were determined in cellular lysate using spectrophotometric methods. Caspase-8, -9 and -3 activation were measured by a colorimetric assay. In the first analysis Rb and IRb caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and accordingly inhibited AKT kinase, a proliferation mediator. Flavins caused differentiation of preosteoblast cells as evidenced by increase of osteocalcin, osteopontin and BMP2 expressions. In addition, higher MMP-9 and -2 activities were observed. Importantly, the capacity of flavins to trigger osteoblasts differentiation was also reinforced by upregulation of connexin 43, down regulation of caveolin-1 and negative modulation of Notch cascade. In the second analysis, we found that the interaction between Rb and IRb and osteogenic inductors (ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate) significantly affected the osteoblast proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen biosynthesis, osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNA expression, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and the expression of osteoclastogenesis factors (RANKL and OPG). We also showed that the effects of flavins in osteoblasts cells were independent on flavins antioxidant property. The biological activity of the combination of osteogenic medium with riboflavin and its photoderivatives was associated with the activation of different signaling pathways (AKT, FAK, CaMKII), caspases -8, -9 and -3, and up-regulation and/or stabilization of osteoblastic transcription factors (Runx2 and β-catenin). This study brought out strong evidences that high concentration of Rb and IRb generates an osteogenic microenvironment through modulating different mediators of signaling pathways, besides of the additive effect of riboflavin and its photoproducts during the ascorbate and β-glycerophosphateinduced osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. In summary, this study pointed out the potential application of Rb and its photoproducts in osteoblasts phenotype development and, consequently, it is possible use as an alternative therapeutic adjuvant of osteoporosis.

ASSUNTO(S)

riboflavin osteoblast osteoblastos cellular signal transduction riboflavina cell differentiation transdução de sinal celular celulas - diferenciação

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