Filhos de mães adolescentes : avaliação do crescimento e desenvolvimento com um ano de idade

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2002

RESUMO

Introduction: Pregnancy and maternity during adolescence are considered public health problems worldwide and generally result in undesired children, who are at a disadvantage when compared to children of adult mothers. Controversial results found in the literature motivated this study, which is aimed at verifying if any difference exists between children of adolescent mothers and adult mothers regarding size, neuropsychomotor development and nutritional status.Objectives: To study the feeding habits, growth, neuropsychomotor development and nutritional status of children of adolescent mothers during their first year of life and to compare them with children of adult mothers. To compare the curves of both groups regarding exclusive, predominant, complete and total breastfeeding as well as the consumption of meat, viscera, eggs, legumes/vegetables and fruits as well as to estimate the growth curves for weight, height and head circumference during the first year of life. Methodology: This is a ambi-directional cohort study and the children selected from patient files at CAISM/UNICAMP were assessed when they were a year old, either at home and/or at CIPED/UNICAMP. The mothers were interviewed at the same time. The study sample consisted of 122 children of primiparous adolescent mothers and 123 children of primiparous adult mothers, all born at full term, birth weight 2,500 g or more, single deliveries. Measurements: weight, height, head circumference, mid-arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skin folds. The DENVER criteria were applied to evaluate the language, socialization and motor function. The nutritional status was determined utilizing anthropometrics: BMI, z-scores (WAZ, HAZ, WHZ and HCZ), muscle and fat areas of the arm; and the body composition was determined using Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA). The Chi-square Test and Fisher?s Exact Test were used to compare proportions; the Student t test to compare z-scores; Mann-Whitney test to compare the estimated parameters for the mean curves -weight, height and head circumference according to the group and sex; the Wilcoxon (Breslow) Test to compare the exclusive, predominant, complete and total breastfeeding curves during the first year of life. The analyses conducted were: Kaplan-Meier method for breastfeeding duration; Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) for anthropometrical measures correcting the sex effect; Non-linear Regression for repetitive measures in the construction of growth curves; z-scores of anthropometrical indices using the CDC / NCHS-2000 reference curves. The programs utilized were: SAS version 8.1 and SPSS version 10.0. a=5% and b=10% were accepted. Results: The results were presented in four parts: one descriptive and three structural articles according to the norms of the Journal of Pediatrics. The percentage of children being breastfed when they left the maternity hospital were: 94.26% children of adolescent mothers and 95.93% children of adult mothers (p=0.544). Of these, 35.25% and 28.46%, respectively, continued being breastfed at the age of one (p=0.254): maternal milk (the only source) 11.48% x 8.94% and mixed milk feeding 23.77% x 19.51% (p=0.519).The median period for exclusive breastfeeding was 90 days in the case of both groups. The children of adolescent mothers consumed less meat daily (13.93% x 26.02%; p=0.031); the mean height at birth was less (49.18±1.74cm x 49.67±1.97cm; p=0.027); they weighed less at the age of one (9813±1095g x10138±1186g; p=0.014); the BMI was smaller (16.55±1.42 x 16.93±1.50; p=0.041); lesser WAZ (-0,48 x -0,20; p=0,038) and WHZ (-0,27 x 0,06; p=0,022) when compared to the children of adult mothers. The Bioimpedance Analysis equipment and the FJELD et al (1990) equations revealed that children of adolescent mothers had less lean mass (

ASSUNTO(S)

lactentes antropometria programas de avaliação nutricional amamentação crescimento gravidez na adolescencia

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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