Evaluation of the efficacy of interventions on the colonization by Acinetobacter spp. and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an intensive care unit / Avaliação da eficácia de medidas preventivas no controle de Acinetobacter spp. e Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistente a carbapenêmicos em unidade de terapia intensiva

Mírian de Freitas Dal Ben Corradi

Nosocomial infections by resistant pathogens are a major public health concern due to their related costs, morbidity and mortality. The cross transmission of resistant pathogens are dependent on the existence of a source, colonized patients or environment, and on carriage by the healthcare workerss hands. The increasing incidence of infections and colonization by Acinetobacter spp. (AC) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) in the Neurology intensive care unit (NICU) at Hospital das Clínicas of Universidade de São Paulo led to the study of the colonization by these pathogens and the efficacy of interventions on prevention. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study with three periods (pre-interventional- PI, post-educational PE and post-alcool hand rub implementation PA). In each period, patients had surveillance cultures (oropharyngeal, axillary and rectal) collected on admission, 3rd day and weekly. Patients who were colonized by CRPA or AC on admission in the NICU and patients who had just one set of cultures collected were excluded from the study. Between PI and PE, an educational intervention focused on hand hygiene and contact precautions was conducted. By the end of PE, an intervention based on the installation of alcohol hand rub dispensers was applied. Hand hygiene and glove use compliance were evaluated before and after each intervention. Colonization pressure was calculated in each period as well as colonization on admission to the ICU. RESULTS: 1) There were no differences in patients age, sex, APACHE II score and number of days in the hospital previous to NICU admission between the periods 2) The educational intervention increased hand hygiene and glove use compliance. In the PA, beside alcohol hand rub dispensers, hand hygiene and glove use compliance decreased. 3) The probability of becoming colonized by CRPA and AC during NICU stay increased over the periods. The incidence density of colonization by CPRA and AC by 1000 patient-days was 24,8 in PI, 43,3 in PE and 67,5 in PA. 4) Colonization pressure by CPRA and AC was different between periods: 14,7 in PI, 38,2 in PE and 53,3 in PA. The increase in the colonization pressure was due to the admission of patients already colonized, mainly from the Emergency room. CONCLUSIONS: Control of cross transmission of AC and CPRA requires efforts to increase hand hygiene compliance, monitoring of colonization pressure and interventions aimed at units that are sources of colonized patients

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