Estudo das interações entre biopolimeros e polpas de frutas tropicais em cisalhamento estacionario e oscilatorio

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2002

RESUMO

The rheological behavior of guar and xanthan gums in passion tfuit pulp was evaluated by means of shear flow and oscillatory shear tests. Herschel-Bulckley model represented successfully biopolymers flow behavior and Cross model was used to describe those behaviors in a broad shear stress range. In pulp tfuit systems, xanthan gum showed more pseudoplasticity and elasticity than guar. Moreover, the effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity of guar or xanthan in passion fruit pulp was described by Arrhenius equation and discussed in terms of activation energy. In passion tfuit pulp - Guar systems, the increase in shear rate caused an energy decrease, indicating that as the shear rate increases the dependence of the apparent viscosity with the temperature decreases. However, for passion tfuit pulp - Xanthan systems the activation energy was not modified with shear rate, still it showed lower values with the increase of xanthan concentration. The generalized Maxwell model was successfully used to describe the viscoelastic characteristics of the studied samples. Variance analysis and Tuckey tests were used to evaluate the effect of storage time on the rheological,physical and chemicalcharacteristics of guar and xanthan gums in passion tfuit pulp. The storage did not show an effect on soluble solids content, total titrable acidity expressed as citric acid, sugars, pH, pectins expressedas calcium pectate and ashes. Color studies of passion tfuit pulp was performed with auxiliary of a Hunterlab L*a*b* system and it was verified that the addition of sucrose or polysaccharides (guar or xanthan) modified initially the color of passion fruit pulp. In addition, there was a degradation of samples color during the storage time, which was more pronounced in samples with xanthan. Changes in rheological parameters obtained in shear flow (pseudoplasticity, apparent viscosity) and in oscillatory mode (dynamic modules, complex viscosity) were observed mainly during the second month of storage. Samples without biopolymers (pure pulp e pulp with sucrose) did not show viscoelastic behavior and the pseudoplasticity was changed as aggregates were formed by the present components. This promoted the syneresis observed after the fourth storage month. In others studied systems, the increase of the rheological parameters (dynamic modules and apparent viscosity) were associated with the hydration of the added polysaccharide. Comparing guar and xanthan gums in passion truit pulps, xanthan appeared to be more stable during storage time, and guar gum lost elasticity during this period. The influence of sugars, organic acids and salts (calcium and potassium) concentrations on rheological properties (apparent viscosity, pseudoplasticity and dynamic modules) were analyzed using a complete factorial experimental designo The rheological properties were mainly influenced by guar concentration, and the effect of pectin on those properties was in a minor proportion. The presence of sugars affected negatively the rheological properties cited above, which was associated with the dehydrating effect of this cosolute. Moreover, samples showed lower viscous features (reduced Gil value) with organic acids addition, that reduces samples pH favoring acid breakage ofthe pectin molecule. In diluted regime (c

ASSUNTO(S)

biopolimeros viscoelasticidade reologia

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