Epistasia em testecrosses de milho / Epistasis in maize testcrosses

AUTOR(ES)

Diego Velásquez Faleiro e Silva

FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

12/08/2011

RESUMO

Epistasis has been known since the beginning of the genetics studies. However its contribution to genetic variance components and to plant breeding is not well understood. Most of the genetic models designed to study the inheritance of the quantitative traits consider the absence of epistasis although most of these analyses dont provide test for such assumption. Therefore in its presence estimates of additive and dominance variances, heritability coefficients and selection responses would be biased. The objectives of this study were: (i) to verify whether epistasis is significant to the expression of several traits in testcrosses; (ii) to estimate the epistatic effects in individual 2 F plants for these traits; and (iii) to verify whether epistasis interacts with environment and with testers. A population of 100 3 : 2 F progenies from the cross of inbred lines L-08-05F and L-38-05D were backcrossed to the parental lines and their 1 F following the triple test cross design. The 300 backcrossed progenies were testcrossed to the inbred lines L-02-03D and L-04-05F. The 600 testcrosses were grown at ten environments in Piracicaba, SP, using the látice a design on a factorial scheme with two replications per environment. The traits recorded were grain yield, prolificacy, root and stalk lodging, days to anthesis, days to silk emergence, anthesis-silking interval, plant height, ear height and ear placement. Epistasis was detected for all traits in both testcrosses, but for root and stalk lodging epistasis was detected only in the testcrosses from L-04-05F tester. Each tester detected epistasis in different groups of 2 F plants, and the epistatic effects were not unidirectional for all traits. The epistasis by tester interaction was significant for all traits in both testers, but epistasis by environment interaction was not significant for all traits. Also linkage disequilibrium in the population was detected for all traits, except for root and stalk lodging. Estimates of variance components and heritability coefficients were all significant, except for testcrosses from L-04-05F tester for root and stalk lodging. The results suggested that the estimates of additive variance and heritability coefficients will be biased if the epistasis be unconsidered. Moreover the presences of linkage disequilibrium produce additional biases in the estimative theses parameters.

ASSUNTO(S)

cruzamento vegetal - testes epistasia epistasis genetic variance in plants. maize milho plant cross tests variação genética em plantas.

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