Effect of resin and ionomer sealer materials on demineralization inhibition of occlusal pit and fissures, evaluation of enamel mineral loss and marginal adaptation / Efeito de materiais resinosos e ionomericos na inibição da desmineralização do esmalte de fissuras oclusais : estudo da perda mineral do esmalte e adaptação marginal

Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz

The occlusal surfaces are considered susceptible sites for the biofilm accumulation, which increases caries development. Pit and fissure dental sealants are recognized as an important adjunct approach for caries prevention in high caries risk patients. However, in the search for a material that has a good clinical performance, it should be considered the integration of retention and fluoride-releasing properties in sealant materials. The aims of this in vitro study were to quantitatively evaluate: 1 - the effect of different materials when used as sealants (Resin sealant, Glass-ionomer cements, Resin-modified glass-ionomer cements, and Adhesive systems) on the gap formation in the fissure submitted to physical and chemical stress, and 2 - the effect of enamel mineral loss of fluoride- and non-fluoride-containing occlusal sealants on permanent teeth at different distances from the sealant margin and verify the fluoride releasing capability of these materials. One hundred and eight impacted human third molars were sealed and randomly assigned into: Concise (C), FluroShield (F), Helioseal Clear Chroma (H), Vitremer (V), Fuji II-LC (FII), Ketac Molar (KM), Fuji IX (FIX), Single Bond (SB), and Clearfil Protect Bond (CF) groups. All groups were subjected to thermo cycling (500 cycles) and 14 days of pH cycling. Each tooth was longitudinally sectioned in order to obtain oclusal specimens. It was consist in a perpendicular slice to the fissure orientation in the central fossa of mandibular and mesial fossa of maxillary molars. Scanning Electron Microscopy and cross-section microhardness evaluations assessed marginal adaptation and enamel mineral loss, respectively. The results demonstrated that Single Bond and Vitremer sealants were effective in preserve the marginal adaptation in the enamel occlusal fissure. They were able to support the stress conditions offered by this in vitro model. On the other hand, resin sealant did not prevent the enamel mineral loss in permanent teeth in a situation that simulated a high cariogenic challenge. Considering glass ionomer cements, the fluoride release level of these materials were able to decrease the enamel mineral loss. Moreover, only the presence of fluoride on the material s composition cannot predict the material s behavior with regard to their capability to interfere with the enamel mineral loss on permanent teeth.

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