Efeitos da perda de peso na massa óssea e alterações metabólicas em adolescentes obesos pós-púberes / Weight loss metabolic effects on bone mass in post-pubertal adolescents

AUTOR(ES)

Luana Caroline dos Santos

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Obesity is associated with several metabolic changes that may increase the risk of chronic diseases. Body weight is recognized as a protective factor against fractures and lower bone density. Considering that adolescence is a crucial period for bone mass acquisition and osteoporosis risk reduction in maturity and the effects of weight loss on bone mass in this life stage are not completely elucidated, the present study was performed. The objective was to investigate the effects of weight loss as well the metabolic changes related to bone mass in post-puberal adolescents. Bibliographic review and a longitudinal study, with adolescents submitted to nutritional intervention based on hipocaloric diet and nutritional advice during 9 months, were realized. Fifty-five subjects, 43 girls, mean age of 16.6 (1.4) years, with body mass index by age superior than 95 percentile, were recruited. Subjects were monitored every three weeks with anthropometric (weight, height and circumferences) and dietary intake (24h food intake recall) evaluation. Body composition and total-body bone mineral density. (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), metabolic parameters (plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, leptin and ghrelin concentrations) and dietary intake (3-day food records) were evaluated at the baseline, after 3-months and at the end of the study. Sixteen participants thatcompleted the study did not lost weight. The group that adhered to intervention nutritional had mean weight loss of 6.2 (4.6) %. In this group, there was a significant decrease in energy intake, from 2105.4 (537.6) Kcal/day to 1738.8 (608.4) Kcal/day. Physical activity pratice increased between participants and there were metabolic parameters improvement in adolescents who lose weight. In these subjects, hypercholesterolemia and insulin resistance decreased, 7,9% and 27.2% (p<0.05) respectively, after 3 months of intervention. There was a significant increase of total bone mineral density and bone mineral content (BMC) in adolescents did not lost weight. Increased BMC and bone area was verified in participants that adhered to intervention nutritional. Bone parameters changes were associated with body fat alterations. The increment in bone mineral density even under weight loss showed no negative effect of bone mass. Dietary intake change and weight control contributed to metabolic parameters improvement of obese adolescents.

ASSUNTO(S)

conteúdo mineral ósseo nutritional evaluation obesity avaliação nutricional bone mineral content composição corporal densidade mineral óssea body composition bone mineral density obesidade perda de peso weight loss

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