Efeito da hiperinsulinemia cronica na regulação das etapas iniciais da ação insulinica em tecidos de ratos

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2001

RESUMO

Insulin resistance, defined as subnormal response to a given concentration of insulin, is an important component in the pathophysiology of diseases with high prevalence in the population as obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension. The chronic euglycemic hyperinsulinemiafor as 3-5 days can induce insulinresistance. Insulin initiates its growth and metabolic promoting effects by binding to its receptor at the plasma membrane, which has tyrosine-kinase activity, and is able to autophosphorylates and phosphorylates cytoplasmatic proteins called insulin receptor substrates (IRSs). The main substrates ofinsulin receptor are IRS-l and IRS-2, which when phosphorylated in tyrosine bind and activate several proteins, including phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase. These initial steps lead to the activation of two serineltreonina kinases - AKT and the ERK family(1/2) ofMAPK. In this study we investigated the levels and phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, IRS-l and IRS-2, their association with PI 3-quinase, and the phosphorylation of AKT and ERKs (1/2) in liver, muscle, heart, adipose tissue and in isolated pancreatic islets ofrats with chronic euglycemichyperinsulinemia for 5 days (Ri5). The 5 days of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia increased the fasting plasma insulin concentration and decreased the whole-body insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Rowever, the insulin secretion in response to glucose in isolated islets was increased in hiperinsulinemicrats compared to controls. In liver of Ri5 rats there was a decrease of insulin-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation, without change in the insulin receptor protein levels. The chronic hyperinsulinemia did not change the protein leveI, the phosphorylation status of IRS-l and its association with PI 3-kinase, although there was a decrease in the phosphorylation of IRS-2, its association with PI 3-kinase and the phosphorylation of AKT in this tissue. The IRS-2 protein leveI and the phosphorylation of ERKs (1/2) were similar in Ri5 and control rats. Chronic insulin infusion for 5 days did not significantly change the levei of IR, IRS-l and IRS-2 protein in musc1e.Afier stimulation with insulin, phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, IRS-l, the association IRS-l/PI 3-kinase and the phosphorylation AKT were reduced in Ri5 rats compared to the controls. Rowever, there was no change in the insulin-stimulated IRS-2 phosphorylation, IRS-2/PI 3-kinase association and phosphorylation ofERKs (1/2). The protein leveI and the insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor were similar in the heart in both the Ri5 and control rats. Following stimulation with insulin, the chronic hyperinsulinemia induced a decrease in the IRS-l protein leveI, and as in muscle, also decreased the IRS-l phosphorylation, the IRS-l/PI 3-kinase association and phosphorylation of AKT, without changing the leveI, the phosphorylation of IRS-2, its association with PI 3-kinase, and the phosphorylation of ERKs (112), compared to the controls. In the adipose tissue, the chronic hyperinsulinemia did not change the protein leveI and the phosphorylation status of insulin receptor, before and afier stimulation with insulin. In contrast, there was an increase in the IRSs protein levels, phospholylation and association with PI 3-kinase before and afier stimulation with insulin, in the Ri5 rats compared to the controls. Basal AKT phosphorylation was higher in Ri5 rats compared to control group. There was no change in ERKs (112)phosphorylation in the adipose tissue of Ri5 rats compared to the controls. Similarly, no significant change occurred in the protein levei and phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in isolated islets ttom Ri5 rats when compared tothe controls. Rowever, the chronic hyperinsulinemia increased the protein levels, phospholylation and associations with PI 3-kinase of the IRS-l and 2, after stimulation with insulin, compared to the controls. The insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK was similar in isolated islets in both the Ri5 and control rats. In summary, our results demonstrated that 5 days of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia induced insulin resistance, with a decrease in insulin signal transductional in tiver, muscle and heart, and an increase in these pathways in adipose tissue and isolated islets. In tiver, the reduced phosphorylation/ativation of AKT was consequence of reduced IRS-2 phosphorylation, and in muscle and heart due to reduced IRS-I phosphorylation. In adipose tissue and islets, the protein levels and phosphorylation status of the two insulin receptor substrates, IRS-I and IRS-2, were increased. The chronic hyperinsulinemia modulated specifically the metabotic pathway through AKT. However, the mitogenic pathway, through ERKs (112) did not undergo regulation in neither of tissues studied ITomanimalsHi5. The tissue-specific regulation of insulin signal transductional pathways in rats with chronic insulin infusion during 5 days, contribute to explain the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in these animals, and also suggest models of regulation which can be present in the early stages of obesity, hyperinsulinemiaand insulinresistance.

ASSUNTO(S)

resistencia a insulina rato como animal de laboratorio insulina

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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