Distribuição e biodisponibilidade do níquel aplicado ao solo como NiCl2 e Biossólido. / Distribution and bioavailability of nickel applied to soil as nicl2 and biossólid.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2003

RESUMO

The role of Nickel in soils under the application of biossolids is still not very well known. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of total Nickel and organic carbon content, and soil pH, in the Nickel distribution among soil fractions and the bioavailability of the metal to lettuce. Three incubation pot trials were carried out in greenhouse placing in each one 3 kg of the 0-20cm layer of soil. Two soils types were considered: Typic Halpludult and Rhodic Kandiudox. In two of the trials, one for each soil type, soil samples were treated with rates of NiCl2, lime and peat as a source of organic matter and incubated during 120 days. In the third pot trial the above mentioned soils were incubated with four different types of biossolids during 150 days. Once the incubation period ended soils samples were collected and lettuce was planted in the pots of all three trials. Soils samples were submitted to a sequential extraction procedure which comprised the following fractions: exchangeable plus soluble; carbonate, organic, oxides and residual. Soil saturation extracts were also obtained for the determination of free Ni +2 concentration using the Donnan equilibrium technique. When NiCl2, peat, and lime were applied to soils, changes in pH due to lime caused exchangeable Ni to decrease and raised Ni content in organic and oxide fractions. Peat promoted an higher Ni content in the exchangeable fraction and reduced it in the oxide and organic fraction. I contrast NiCl2 raised Ni content in all of the above motioned fractions. Nickel content in all soil fractions were modeled by regression equations using total Ni, organic carbon, and pH as independent variables. Data for the Ni distribution in soils fractions under biossolids application were similar to results from sequential extraction in the biossolids in terms of percentage. In the biossolids trial Ni occurred most in residual fraction of soil, which contrasts with results obtained when Ni was supplied as NiCl2. Speciation study showed that higher rates of lime and peat promoted lower levels of soluble and free Ni in the soil solution. The opposite was detected when NiCl2 was applied. Both soluble Ni and free Ni +2 were well correlated with the Ni content in lettuce, when the metal salt was supplied as Ni source. However, free Ni +2 was a better indicator for Ni bioavailability when bissolids were applied in PVAd. In resume it may be concluded that the sequential extraction procedure and the speciation by means of the Donnan equilibrium approach were useful to express the different behavior of nickel in soil when NiCl2 or bissolids were the source of the metal.

ASSUNTO(S)

heavy metal lodo de esgoto sewage sludge alface lettuce nichel soil analysis metal pesado soil ph analise do solo níquel equilibrio químico química do solo. chemical equilibrium soil chemistry. ph do solo

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