Disponibilidade de bebidas alcoólicas e beber e dirigir
AUTOR(ES)
Raquel Brandini De Boni
FONTE
IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
2011
RESUMO
Alcohol abuse and traffic crashes (TC) are considered public health problems and every year they are associated with 2.5 and 1.2 million of deaths worldwide, respectively. Alcohol outlet (AO) density has been associated with Driving Under Influence (DUI), which is a well known risk factor for TC. However, the association is controversial in international literature and there are no studies in Brazil. This thesis comprises three different studies, presented in four scientific papers. Its main objective is to evaluate the association between alcohol physical availability and the drinking and driving behavior. As national data on the subject is scarce, the initial two studies (¿Geoprocessing and spatial analyses of traffic crashes and alcohol outlets in Porto Alegre¿ and ¿Prevalence of positive alcohol blood concentration (BAC) among traffic crash victims of emergency rooms from Porto Alegre¿) were conducted to establish the parameters of the third study, a survey to evaluate DUI prevalence among drivers in alcohol outlets. The first manuscript (Traffic crashes and alcohol outlets in a Brazilian state capital) describes a cross-sectional study with secondary data, which aimed to describe high and low AO concentration areas, as well as to test its association with AT density areas in Porto Alegre. Data was analyzed using geoprocessing and spatial statistics. There was no association between AO and alcohol related TC, maybe because AO are spread all over the city. The second manuscript (Factors associated with alcohol and drug use among traffic crash victims in southern Brazil) describes a cross-sectional study with consecutive sample obtained in the two main emergency rooms from Porto Alegre. Its aim was to estimate the prevalence of positive BAC and other drugs among TC victims. Data was tabulated to define the three hour shifts that had higher frequencies of alcohol related TC (used to stratify the shifts from Study 3). On the 609 victims interviewed, positive BAC was found in 7.8% of drivers and 9.2% of pedestrians. The third study was a survey aimed to estimate DUI prevalence and its associated factors after a probabilistic sample. The manuscript 3 describes the methods used to select a representative sample of drivers who drank in Porto Alegre AO, a floating population. It was designed a complex sample with three stages: 1) census enumeration areas - stratified by AO density (obtained after Study 1) and sampled with probability proportional to the number of AOs in each CEA; 2) combinations of outlets and shifts - stratified by prevalence of alcohol-related TC (obtained after Study 2) and sampled with probability proportional to their squared duration in hours; and, 3) drivers who drank - using inverse sampling after the screening of individuals who drank at selected AO. Sample weights were calculated using the probabilities of inclusion in the sample and calibrated using a post-stratification estimator to ensure coherence with the screening totals. It was approached 3,118 individuals and interviewed 683. It was estimated that 151,573 drivers have drank at AO during the survey timeframe, and 56.3% of them intended to drive in the subsequent hour. The manuscript 4 points that DUI prevalence was higher in areas with low AO concentration, while high AO concentration areas had a higher frequency of young people and cocaine use. Limitations, the need of future research and implications for public policy are discussed for each study. Results indicate that restricting alcohol availability is a necessary measure- either restricting the number of AO or establishing zoning areas for alcohol sales, which are strategies recommended worldwide for the prevention of alcohol abuse consequences.
ASSUNTO(S)
alcoois bebidas alcoólicas acidentes de trânsito probabilidade
