Detection of coronary artery disease by multiple detectorrow computed tomography in pre-transplant chronic renal insufficiency patients / Detecção de doença arterial coronária pela tomografia computadorizada com múltiplos detectores em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica pré-transplante

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main cause of death in patients with end stage renal failure (ESRF) associated to a mortality rate higher than in general population. Results of traditional noninvasive exams for CAD detection have been conflicting and usually below the level to assure clinical usage. Multiple detector-row computed tomography (MDCT) has shown good accuracy for CAD detection, however MDCT has not been evaluated on this group of patients, until recently. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of MDCT to detect significant obstructive CAD in renal transplant candidates compared to quantitative invasive coronary angiography (ICA) as reference and also to get insight into the prognostic capability of MDCT in this group of patients. METHODS: From 120 patients screened, 114 patients with ESRF in dialysis program and older than 35 years old were included. All renal transplant candidates had ICA planned or performed within a maximum 1 year period from MDCT. Ten patients with insufficient MDCT image quality were excluded from analysis. Thus, 104 patients with analyzable MDCT exams were evaluated. Significant obstructive CAD was defined as the presence of at least one stenosis 50% luminal diameter reduction by ICA. Secondarily, stenosis 70% were also analyzed. The analysis consisted of two independent observations blinded to the ICA results and other exams. Data were expressed as average, standard deviation and 95% confidence interval, agreement, diagnostic tests, Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Agatston calcium score showed good accuracy for the diagnosis of coronary stenosis 50%, and with the threshold of 400, it has identified a sub-group with a higher event rate. The coronary angiography by MDCT showed good performance detection of coronary stenosis 50% by the ICA, with the accuracy of 88.5%, sensitivity of 84.5%, specificity of 93.5%, positive predictive value of 94.2% and negative predictive value of 82.7%. Similar results were seen using the threshold of stenosis 70%. More importantly, patients with stenosis 50%, by the MDCT showed a worse prognosis, identified as higher rate of cardiovascular events. Finally, in the multivariate analysis, the presence of stenosis ( 50% or 70%) in two territories and the number of segments with atherosclerotic plaques by MDCT (using ICA for stenosis definition) were independent predictors of risk for cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION: MDCT has shown good diagnostic performance for significant obstructive CAD detection, not only by the calcium score but also by coronary angiography by MDCT. On the prognostic point of view, calcium score over 400 or stenosis 50% were predictors of events. The extension of CAD by MDCT, defined as the number of coronary territories with stenosis or the numbers of segments with atherosclerotic plaques were independent prognostic factors for cardiovascular events

ASSUNTO(S)

arteriosclerose coronária/diagnóstico tomografia computadorizada helicoidal tomography spiral computed renal insufficiency chronic prognosis coronary artery disease/diagnosis insuficiência renal crônica prognóstico

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