Desenvolvimento do processo de compostagem em unidade descentralizada e proposta de software livre para o gerenciamento municipal dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares / Development of decentralized composting plants and open source software proposal to municipal solid waste management

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

This research aims to develop a household waste composting in a decentralized composting plant and propose open source software for the municipal solid waste management. The composting process was developed in an experimental decentralized plant in São Carlos, with a 4 tons/month capacity. The output compost quality analysis was made according to physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Result showed that the compost fulfills most of the safety limits required by the brazilian law (IN 27/2006, MAPA), especially in respect with heavy metal concentrations (Cd <0.5, Pb = 1.3, Cr = 17.4, As <0.5, Hg <0.5, Se <0.5 e Ni = 0.8, em mg/kg) and the presence of pathogens. However, when this compost was submitted to an ecotoxicological test acute test with Eisenia andrei earthworms one verified toxicity in samples with significant mortality (p<0.05) on compost concentrations over 16% in a tropical artificial soil, meaning a 60 ton/ha dose. High electrical conductivity (CE = 7,48 mS/cm) was considered responsible for the compost toxicity. An open source software called SIMGERE - simulation for solid waste management - was developed and allows the user to simulate landfill lifespan from the suggestion of different solid waste scenarios. The software was used to estimate the lifespan of the new landfill in São Carlos/SP from 27 scenarios where waste production rate per capita were changed (0; 0,5 and 1% per year). It was also changed the efficiency of sorting facilities (0,5 e 10%) and composting plants (0,5 e 10%). The results of these simulations showed that the lifespan can range from 17 years (worst case scenario) to 20 years (best case scenario). One can infer by the simulations that changes in the production per capita had a greater influence on the landfill lifespan than changes in efficiency of sorting facilities and of composting plants. This result shows the importance to invest in awareness campaigns to reduce waste.

ASSUNTO(S)

ensaio ecotoxicológico organic waste composting ecotoxicological tests gerenciamento de resíduos compost quality simgere waste management compostagem de resíduos urbanos simgere qualidade do composto open source software software livre

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