Desenvolvimento de um programa computacional para o dimensionamento de colhedoras, considerando a pontualidade na colheita

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

Grain harvest is a critical operation due to climatical risk that may cause delays with significant losses in quantity and quality of the harvested material. Although such losses are unknown for most of crops, producers try to avoid them employing fleet of harvesters with more capacity than the necessary increasing the fixed costs of the operation due to the extra capital invested on the machines. On the other hand, the lack of capacity increases the cost of losses due to the delay on the operation conclusion in an ideal appointed day. There is a reduction of net profit of the operation, in both cases, which is called of indirect costs. The problem of selecting harvesters consist in establishing a balance between the extra cost of the invested capital in the fleet capacity and the reductions of the costs of the crop productivity or a time reduction for the conclusion of the harvest operation, so the following operation can take place. Due to the number and the complexity of the involved variables in this matter, the main objective of this study was to develop a computer program for harvesters measuring, considering the indirect cost of the operation. The program was validated for soybean harvest in Ponta Grossa region, state of Parana. In order to achieve the main goal, the study was carried out in three steps. The first one consisted of the experimental determination of the functions of losses by the delay of four soybean cultivars harvest, in specific conditions. The second one consisted in developing a computer program using Borland®-Delphi 5.0 to simulate harvest sceneries capable of interacting the functions of losses with the machine features and the climatical risks, in order to evaluate the indirect costs, the cost of mechanized service and the net profit of the operation, as an indicator of pontuality. The third one consisted of the program validation simulating harvest sceneries in a property, known as reference in the region, with 500 ha of soybean to determine the harvesters fleet ideal capacity with 2 units of 125 kW and 1 unit of 166 kW. Five combinations of cultivars (FT Cometa + M-Soy 5942, FT Abyara + BR 133, FT Cometa + Ft Abyara, FT Cometa and FT Abyara) were considered. For the determination of the functions of losses by the delay in soybean harvest, the cultivars FT Cometa and M-Soy 5942 showed less tendencies for losses, while cultivars BRS 133 and FT Abyara showed more tendencies, when compared to each other. In the model validation for soybean harvest the simulations showed that depending on the cultivar composition and the appointed day for the conclusion of the operation, the harvesters ideal capacity is altered. The sceneries simulation, at the referred property showed that, whatever the cultivar composition is, the particular harvesters fleet works with idle capacity. Once established the composition of cultivars FT Cometa and M-Soy 5942, only 1 unit of the harvester 121 kW with 4.8 m platform would attend the demanding of the area, giving an average net profit evaluated in US$ 47,255.00 per annum

ASSUNTO(S)

soja maquinas agricolas perdas durante a colheita simulação (computadores)

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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