Demografia do perfilhamento e produção de forragem em pastos de capim-marandu submetidos a regimes de lotação intermitente por bovinos de corte / Tiller demography, tillering dynamics and growth of marandu palisadegrass swards subjected to strategies of rotational stocking

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Tillering plays a central role in the recovery of sward leaf area and growth patterns of forage plants, influencing pasture longevity and productivity. However, little is known about the tillering process in tropical grasses, particularly Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisadegrass), one of the most used species on cultivated grassland areas in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the patterns of tillering and the characteristics of individual tillers, seeking a better understanding of this forage plant to grazing in order to allow the efficient planning of sound management practices. The experiment was carried out in Piracicaba, SP, from October 2004 to January 2006. Treatments corresponded to combinations between two grazing intervals (time necessary for swards to intercept 95 or 100% light interception during regrowth - LI) and two grazing intensities (post-grazing heights of 10 and 15 cm), and were allocated to experimental units (1200m2 paddocks) according to a 2x2 factorial arrangement and a complete randomised block design, with four replications. The response variables studied were tiller population density (TPD), rates of tiller appearance (TAR), death (TDR) and survival (TSR), tiller population stability index (SI), sward leaf area index (LAI), site filling (SF), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area to volume ratio of individual tillers (R), rates of absolute growth (AGR), relative growth (RGR) and net assimilation (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR), for basal and aerial tillers. In general, swards grazed at 95% LI had higher TPD of basal tillers than those grazed at 100% LI, particularly in late spring and summer, as well as higher TAR and TDR, both basal and aerial tillers. There was a common seasonal pattern of variation in tiller survival throughout the experimental for both LI treatments, with higher survival during autumn/winter. Further, swards grazed at 95% LI had higher SF and SLA in early spring than those grazed at 100% LI, indicating that they would be ready to reestablish fast growth early in the new pasture growing season. Reductions in LAI of basal tillers were associated with increases in SLA of basal tillers and in LAI of aerial tillers during all seasons of the year. Treatment 100/10 resulted in the highest and treatment 95/15 in the lowest R values throughout the experiment, suggesting plasticity and adaptation to the grazing strategies used. In early and late spring 2004 treatment 95/15 resulted in the highest AGR, a consequence of high values of NAR, LAR and LWR. Early spring is a critical time of the year for the re-establishment of pasture growth and tillering. Marandu palisadegrass should be grazed at 95% LI (25 cm pre-grazing height) down to a post-grazing height of 15 cm.

ASSUNTO(S)

pasture management light interception tiller class. brachiaria brizantha pastagens pastejo - manejo capim marandu luz perfilhamento.

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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