Biossorção de cádmio por linhagens de Aspergillus sp / Biosorption of cadmium by Aspergillus sp. strains

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

The heavy metals represent the major industrial residues contaminant of soils, plants and animals in the ecosystems, causing a toxic effect to humans, mainly due to the wide spread distribution in environment which is intensified by industrialization process. One of most toxics heavy metals is cadmium, commonly used in industrial process, what make it an important environmental contaminant. Researchers looking at to problems linked to environmental pollution by heavy metals have been studied bioremediation techniques using microorganism, among them, the fungi, exploring their ability in to remove toxic ions from environment. Form various remediation techniques used for cadmium in industrial effluents, the most promising is the biosorption. This methodology is based in the heavy metals linkage to biologic material, like algae, yeasts, fungi, bacteria or plant, to retention, removing or recovery of heavy metals from liquid environment. In this context, Apergillus sp. was studied for it ability to biosorption of cadmium. Previous studies with Aspergillus sp. have revealed that strains from this species have a great resistance to cadmium. In the present work were evaluated parameters for biosorption of cadmium in artificial solutions, using two strains of Aspergillus sp. Among evaluated parameters, there were ability to biosorption of mycelia in different physiological condition (viable or nonliving), ideal residence period (0, 4, 8 and 12 hours) in cadmium salt concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 mg.L-1 and the pH values of 4,0, 7,0 and 10,0. In the future such strains must be applied in genetic breeding programs, to optimize the efficiency in cadmium biosorption. The MSE strain revealed to be better than CadG1 strain for cadmium biosorption. Bioamass live and death do not presented statistical differences between values of biosorption, suggesting that both can be used with satisfactory results for cadmium biosorption. However, studying interactions among all factors, physiological state differ statistically, where the most of them presented bigger indices of cadmium biosorption for usage of death biomass. The best residence period was 4 hours in MSE e 12 hours in CadG1. The biosorption was bigger, in absolute values, as bigger is the cadmium concentration in solution and minor in percentual values, as bigger is this concentration. The best pH for biosorption process is 7,0.

ASSUNTO(S)

poluição do solo – remediação tratamento biológico de águas residuárias biological treatment of water pollution of soil aspergillus environmental impact – remediation cadmium aspergillus cádmio impacto ambiental – recuperação

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