BIODIESEL A PARTIR DE ÓLEOS DE ALTA ACIDEZ: Desenvolvimento de um processo catalítico homogêneo

AUTOR(ES)

Maria Dolores de Ávila Völz

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

The present work aims at developing a process for the production of biodiesel from oils of high acidity, using a process in two steps in homogeneous catalysis. The first is the reaction of ethyl esterification of free fatty acid, catalyzed by H2SO4, occurring on triglycerides and the second is the transesterification of residual triglycerides, from the first stage occurring on alkyl esters, catalyzed by alkali (NaOH) with ethanol or methanol. The reaction of esterification was studied with a mixture model consisting of neutral soybean oil acidified artificially with 15%w of PA oleic acid. This value was adopted as a reference, due to certain regional fats (castor oil from familiar agriculture, bovine lard from slaughterhouse and oil of rice bran, etc.) present among 10-20%w of free fatty acids. In both steps is the ethanol reagent and solvent, so the molar ratio acid mixture:alcohol is one of the parameters studied in proportions 1:3, 1:6 and 1:9. Others were temperature 60 and 80C and mass percentage of the catalyst, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%p (based on the mass of oil). The combination of these parameters resulted in 18 reactions. Among the reaction conditions studied, eight have reached acceptable acidity below 1.5%w allowing the definition of optimal conditions for application of the second stage. The best condition in this step occurred when the reaction was carried at 60C, 1%w H2SO4 and 1:6 molar ratio. At the end of the first step treatments were applied as the withdrawal of the catalyst and its effect on the final acidity, using washing with/ without addition of hexane, followed by evaporation or addition of drying agent. In the second stage was studied the molar ratio oil:alcohol for 1:9 and 1:6 with methanol and ethanol, catalyst concentration 0.5 and 1.0%w NaOH and the type of treatment after reaction (washing or neutralization of catalyst) at 60C, 16 experiments at all. The best condition in this second step occurred with 0.5%w NaOH, 1:6 molar ratio oil:ethanol in reactions where only were applied washing showing adequate levels of acidity (<1.0% p) according with ANP parameters.

ASSUNTO(S)

biodiesel esterificação alta acidez quimica

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