Behavioral patterns of Angus, Caracu and Nelore beef cattle under grazing conditions with availability of shade and water for immersion / Aspectos comportamentais de bovinos das raças Angus, Caracu e Nelore a pasto frente à disponibilidade de recursos de sombra e água para imersão

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Cattle under grazing conditions in tropical areas seek for shade as a thermal comfort resource often during the hottest periods of the day. The objective of this study was to evaluate and understand how cattle of different origins (Caracu - adapted taurus, Nellore - zebu and Red Angus - european taurus) use the thermal comfort resources, quantifying the frequencies of utilization of shade and water for immersion (pond), available in the pasture, analyzing the causes and functions of different behaviors, detecting the preferences for shade or water for immersion, or interactions of both. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Biometeorology and Ethology of FZEA/USP. The behavioral patterns of six young bulls of each breed were evaluated in three different experiments with same methodology, for three different treatments: availability of trees and artificial shade (TS), availability of artificial shade and water for immersion (TSA) and availability of water for immersion (TA). The black globe temperature and relative humidity were taken every 15 minutes between sunrise and sunset and the behavioral patterns were recorded at the same moment, using the focal sampling method and the categories observed were: position (in the sun, in the natural or artificial shade or in the pond), the posture (standing or lying down) and the activities (grazing, ruminating, moving, resting or other). The results showed that the Angus animals use the resources for protection against heat more often during the day, especially when the temperature is high, the shade is the option used in most of the times, but the pond can be utilized when the shade is not available. The main activity occurring in the sun was grazing, especially concentrated during the cooler hours of the day, and the ruminating and resting were done often when animals were under the shade and lying down. For the Caracu breed animals, the use of the shade occurred in a moderated frequency and the use of pond were low, even when the temperatures were higher, and the grazing activity were distributed during the day and intensively done at sunrise and sunset. The Nellore animals did not utilize the resources against the heat stress, even when the temperature was higher. On a whole, bovines under grazing conditions in hot climates choose the shade as thermal comfort resource against the high temperatures and heat load, and if the shade is not available they can use the pond for immersion as a second resource against heat stress. The lower level of heat tolerance make the less adapted animals seek for the resources more often and more intensively. The more adapted breeds have a higher range of heat tolerance against the heat stress.

ASSUNTO(S)

bem-estar thermal comfort heat stress conforto térmico gado de corte cattle welfare estresse

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