Avaliações Mensais de Estacas de Pinus como Isca-Armadilha para Cupins Subterrâneos em Áreas de Composições Florísticas Distintas no Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro e Avaliação de Extratos Botânicos como Cupinicida. / Monthly Assessments of Stakes of Pinus as Bait-Trap for Subterranean Termites in Different Areas of Compositions Florísticas in the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro and Evaluation botanical extracts as Cupinicida

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

This work was made in the Research Institute Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ) where two experiments were carried out in two steps. The first step had the following objectives: to study the attack behavior of subterranean termites over stakes of pinus trap in three areas of different compositions floristic seed source in the JBRJ, appointed by cerrado-JB, lawn - JB and forest-JB over one year. To study the environmental influences on the pinus baits attack by subterranean termites monthly over year of observation. The subterranean termites belonged to the species, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (areas cerrado-JB and lawn-JB) and Heterotermes longiceps (Snyder) (area forest-JB), (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The second step aimed to study botanical extracts with bioinseticida action for the control of subterranean termite, C. gestroi. In each area 6 blocks with three plot were buried stakes and collected and replaced monthly over 12 months. The stakes of Pinus sp were previously immersed in distilled water for three periods (0, 24 or 48 hours). The environmental variables were evaluated: luminosity (morning and afternoon), soil temperature (morning and afternoon), air temperature (maximum and minimum), rainfall, soil moisture, humidity, pH and carbon (C) organic soil. The results showed that the attack on baits of Pinus sp occurred all the year without a preference for different periods of immersion in distilled water. The peak of the attack on stakes occurred in months march and september. The environmental variables: humidity, soil moisture and rainfall had significant correlation with the attack on the stakes of Pinus sp by subterranean termites. C. gestroi attack had negative correlation with environmental variables. H. longiceps attack had negative correlation with humidity and positive correlation with soil moisture. The acid pH soil areas studied appeared to be helpful to the activities of the foraging termites. The amount of organic C available in the soil seems dont have influence on foraging activities of the two species of termites. The attack on baits of Pinus sp by the species C. gestroi was more severe that the attack by H. longiceps. In the second step the termites were exposed to seven treatments with five replications each for 20 days. The aqueous extract of the leaves of Melia azedarach, Tectona grandis, Carapa guianensis, Aspidosperma polyneuron, Myracrodruon urundeuva and Leucaena leucocephala, the concentration of 10%, were impregnated with pieces of corrugated cardboard. With the exception of L. leucocephala, which was lower consumption of cardboard, the other plant extracts and control (paper and distilled water) were also consumed. The insecticidal activity of the extracts of M. azedarach, M. urundeuva and T. grandis was responsible for 100, 100 and 95.38% mortality of termites, respectively. The extracts of L. leucocephala, A. polyneuron and C. guianensis showed no activity insecticide for the control of C. gestroi.

ASSUNTO(S)

variáveis ambientais plantas inseticidas. plants insecticides cupim subterrâneo agronomia subterranean termite, environmental variables

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados