Avaliação de desfechos relacionados à gestação em áreas contaminadas na região do estuário de Santos e São Vicente / Evaluation of pregnancy outcomes in contaminated areas of Santos and São Vicente estuary region

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

06/08/2012

RESUMO

Background: Santos and São Vicente Estuary is contaminated with heavy metals, organochlorines compounds, dioxins and furans. Epidemiological studies show that fetuses are more susceptible to toxic chemicals than adults. This study evaluated occurrence of pregnancy events in contaminated and non-contaminated areas in estuarine region. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed SINASC data from 2003 to 2007 in São Vicente, Guarujá, Cubatão and Bertioga cities. Crude birth and total fertility rates per year, and risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, multiple birth and congenital abnormality in the period were calculated by city. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was applied in a population-based sample (820 families each) in five areas. Four of these areas are in contaminated regions and one (control) has no known environmental contamination. Risks of childbearing age women who became pregnant, abortion, premature birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, congenital malformation and multiple birth were calculated. Data of abortion and pregnancy occurrence were georeferenced in area 3, continental part of São Vicente city. Pearsons chi-square test or Fishers exact test were used to investigate associations between areas and qualitative variables. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by logistic regression according to the area, adjusted for confounding factors (socioeconomic, demographic and women habits). The statistical significance level was set at 5%. Results: Birth and fertility rates declined over the years in all cities, predominantly in Bertioga. There were significant higher risks (p<0.01) of low birth weight in São Vicente (OR=2.25, 1.93 2.62), Guarujá (OR=2,14, 1.80 2.56) and Cubatão (OR=2.06, 1.75 2.43), compared to Bertioga, controlling for maternal age, marital status, maternal education, prenatal, and congenital abnormalities. Risk of preterm birth was also significantly higher (p<0.01) in São Vicente (OR=2.24, 1.89 2.65), Guarujá (OR=2.31, 1.91 2.80), and Cubatão (OR=2.51, 2.09 3.00) than Bertioga, controlling for maternal age, marital status, maternal education, prenatal, and congenital abnormalities. Risk of congenital abnormalities was significantly higher in Guarujá (OR=2.24, 1.43 3.50, p=0.00) and Cubatão (OR=1.62, 1.04 2.52, p=0.03) than Bertioga, controlling for maternal age, marital status, prenatal and multiple birth. Prevalences of pregnancy outcomes were higher in the four contaminated areas than in control area. Compared to area 5 (control), significantly higher risks (p<0.05) of non-pregnant women was found in areas 2 (OR=1.47, 1.16 1.85), 3 (OR=1.31, 1.03 1.66), and 4 (OR=1.40, 1.10 1.77) controlling for maternal age, maternal education, and family income. There was also a significantly higher risk of abortion in area 3 (OR=1.83, 1.07 3.12) controlling for years living in the region, maternal age and education, family income and maternal past smoking. Conclusions: The study shows an increased risk of pregnancy outcomes in contaminated areas of Santos and São Vicente Estuary region

ASSUNTO(S)

abortion aborto anormalidades congênitas baixo peso ao nascer congenital abnormalities contaminação ambiental environmental pollution gravidez low birth weigh pregnancy prematuro premature

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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