Avaliação da co-disposição do lodo de tanques sépticos e fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos domiciliares em reatores anaeróbios / Evaluation of co-disposal of sludge from septic tanks and organic fraction of domestic solid waste in anaerobic reactors

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Despite being an emerging country, unfortunately the sanitary situation of Brazil is quite precarious. Only 52.2% of the 5,507 brazilian municipalities have some type of sanitary service (IBGE, 2000). In this alarming scenario, individual solutions are gaining more importance. The adoption of septic tanks as an alternative to the solution of the sewage becomes viable due to its low cost and satisfactory performance. However, the inappropriate operation of these small units can become an environmental problem because of the produced sludge, sub product of anaerobic degradation. This material must be managed adequately and securely to prevent possible contamination of soil and water. The easiest and practice solution would be its disposal in sewage treatment stations, however there are only 20.2% (IBGE, 2000) of all the brazilian cities which rely on these units. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the disposal of sludge from septic tanks (LTS) in landfills, along with domestic solid waste (RSD). Using four anaerobic reactors, with 50 liters each, the effects of anaerobic degradation of organic fraction of the RSD (FORSD) in the presence of LTS were evaluated. All reactors had the same amount of FORSD, 28 kg. Each experimental unit received different amounts of LTS: Reactor 1 = 0 L; Reactor 2 = 4.9 L, Reactor 3 = 9.8 L and Reactor 4 = 14.7 L. The monitoring followed the characteristics and quantity of leachate, the composition of biogas and changes in physical-chemical mixture of FORSD and LTS at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The results highlight the efficiency of removal of the DQO of FORSD, 21%, 51%, 68% and 73% for reactors 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, and the acceleration in the degradation in anaerobic reactors that received LTS, due to early production of methane, appearing in 40º day in reactors treated with LTS and the ready availability of nutrients, observed by the analysis of ammonia nitrogen.

ASSUNTO(S)

anaerobic reactors reatores anaeróbios domestic solid waste and leachate fossa séptica lodo de tanques sépticos tanques sépticos e resíduos sólidos domiciliares septic tanks sludge from septic tanks

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