Aspectos fundamentais da validade juridica das provas em DNA

AUTOR(ES)

Fabio Miyajima

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2001

RESUMO

Scientific investigations, which establish juridical decisions, have acquired a reliable basis due to advances achieved in DNA technology. The tests performed with nucleic acids have presented a positive prove type, thus allowing definitive decisions characters to be established by experts of biological and juridical areas. Formerly the traditional methods of serological types presented important restriction factors, for instance, they didn t have sufficient rates of heterogeneous, polymorphism and specially polishment to include identity or paternity, hence, they conclude clearly only in rare and isolated caseworks, whose the diagnostics were exclusively of exclusion one. The identification ability of DNA tests is extremely precious and particular, which justifies the pioneer name appointed to them, fingerprints DNA. However, there are many aspects to be considered, so that this great improvement doesn t become a villain; especially when consider the super estimation of the real possibilities of these exams. Furthermore, especially in Brazil, these techniques are extremely recent, with presenting great differences of qualities standards between laboratories and institutes. Big conquests will be necessary and they must be applied for scrutiny and so the most variants must be considered, specially in criminal area, where the biological samples discovered, in almost cases, don t have the ideal conditions of exam, and the collection, frequently, is performed improperly and entirely wrong. At the current work, it has been analyzed the idoneousness of results in these techniques, mentioning stages susceptible to mistakes and the main juridical and social consequences, besides elucidating to the society some important technical aspects, such as the scrutiny of the incredible rates of paternity and identity index unconsciously made public, and finally propose some carefully standards of measure for a real and efficient applicability of DNA methods

ASSUNTO(S)

homem - identificação redação tecnica genetica forense odontologia legal medicina legal

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