Análise da redistribuição do "fallout" do 137Cs na avaliação da erosão e deposição de sedimentos em sistemas de manejo de solo sob Cerrado / Erosion and sediment deposition evaluation on slopes under different tillage systems in the Cerrado region using the 137Cs fallout technique

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

In Brazil, the expansion of agricultural areas causes several problems on natural resources. With the increasing occupation of the Cerrado region by agriculture, a series of environmental problems like deforestation, soil erosion and soil compaction are appearing and causing radical transformations in the natural landscape due to removing almost all native vegetation. The conventional tillage system (CTS) is considered an inadequate form of soil management for its frequently irremediable consequences of soil compaction and soil erosion, and the no till system (NTS) makes the maintenance of the soil conditions possible, leving them close to the natural environment, thus reducing rates of soil erosion. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of riparian forests in the retention of sediments originated for three different tillage systems, through the fallout 137Cs redistribution technique, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and some physical and chemical parameters that indicate the structural conditions of the soils of Goiatuba and Jandaia-GO. In the three areas, soil profiles were collected in three layers of 20 cm (0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm) at distinct points located along linear transects in the direction of the maximum slope until the riparian forest. In the riparian forest of each area, trenches were opened and soil was sampled to evaluate the activity of 137Cs and the physical and chemical parameters of soil. Detection of the activity of 137Cs was made with a gamma ray detector model (GEM-20180P, EG&ORTEC) connected to a multichannel analyzer. The comparison of averages was made using the Tukey test at 5% level of significance. The results indicated that, the three soil tillage systems presented high rates of soil erosion and deposition of sediments and the riparian forest of the areas under CTS, NTS and pasture, located downstream received great amounts of sediments, and that only the riparian forest of CTS was capable to trap the sediments with efficiency. The distinct characteristics of the three studied areas suggest that the efficiency of the riparian forest to retain the sediments generated in the agricultural and pasture areas, depends on the length and the slope of the transects, and of the width of riparian forest. Through the physical and chemical parameters it was observed that the pasture and the NTS were the soil tillage systems that presented the best conditions of soil preservation in relation to the CTS. The tree soil tillage systems caused alterations in the physical and chemical parameters, compared with the riparian forest, mainly by a lower resistance to penetration under CTS and a greater resistance in the NTS and pasture systems; reduction in soil aggregation under CTS and NTS and an increase under pasture, and decrease of organic matter and calcium under all tillage systems

ASSUNTO(S)

erosão hídrica soil erosion riparian forest manejo do solo soil tillage mata ripária

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados