Alocação econômica de recursos naturais no contexto de bacia hidrográfica : aplicação na bacia do rio Sangão em Santa Catarina

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

The environmental impacts caused by natural resources exploration may cause damages to third parties, since these agents¿ actions harm the environment and, in some cases, make the existence of other activities unfeasible. This context includes coal mining and irrigated rice cropping. Coal mining and beneficiation make possible the contact between water and coal waste generating acid mine drainage, which is dumped into adjacent rivers, in most cases, damaging other water uses. The cultivation of rice requires the capture of large volumes of water, causing the scarcity of this resource. The development of both activities in the same river basin causes high pressure on water resources because the capture for irrigation reduces the flow in rivers, exacerbating the concentration of contaminants from mining. Thus, this study aims to develop a methodology for planning the economic allocation of natural resources in river basins, seeking optimum production of both the ore and the cultivation with the internalization of environmental costs so that water quality parameters, established by CONAMA¿s Resolution 357, are respected and thereby decrease the incidence of damage to third parties. This methodology is based on the elaboration of a model which is able to simulate over the planning time, the load of pollutants released into water courses and the volume of water captured from a watershed, considering the randomness of the variables involved. After collecting data, the implementation of the methodology is given in four alternative cases. The first is the analysis of the situation in which there is no internalization of environmental costs. It was found that the limits established are exceeded. The second alternative case is characterized by the attempt of framing watercourses in Class 3, ignoring the possibility of other water uses. Given the conditions of wastewater treatment, such framing is possible with a reduction of 4.30% of the income generated in the basin over the base case. The third alternative concerns the attempt to frame rivers into class 3, reserving 20% of water flow available for other uses. The results show that such framing is possible, but the increase in wastewater treatment costs causes a reduction of 1.84% of the income generated in relation to the base case. The imposition of active effluent treatment to mining activities in order to frame waters into class 1 determines the last alternative. With active treatment, there is no need to allocate water to mining activities. Thus, 48% of the available water flow is allocated for rice crops irrigation, and therefore 52% of the total available water flow is reserved for other uses. In this alternative case, there is a 9.55% reduction, in relation to the base case, in net present value of the activities developed in the basin.

ASSUNTO(S)

river basin bacias hidrográficas natural resources recursos naturais optimization otimização alocação de recursos drenagem ácida de minas impacto ambiental : carvao arroz irrigado cenarios : planejamento estrategico

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