Adsorção competitiva de cádmio, cobre, níquel e zinco em solos. / Competitive adsorption of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in soils.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

Among the processes involved in the behavior and the bioavailabilty of heavy metals in soil, those related with the adsorption are of great importance. Despite of the multielementary nature of the soil-solution system and the complexity of the involved reactions, the knowledge of the adsorption mechanisms in competitive systems allows a more realistic evaluation of the metals behavior in the soil. The objectives of this work was (i) to evaluate the competitive adsorption of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in surface samples (A horizons) of 14 representative soils of the State of São Paulo, Brazil; (ii) to obtain adsorption isotherms in competitive and non-competitive systems, using the Langmuir model in order to simulate the adsorption; (iii) to establish metal affinity sequences for each soil and (iv) to establish relationships between the adsorptive behavior of metals and some soils attributes using simple correlations and multiple regressions analysis. Two grams soil subsamples were set into 50 mL centrifuge tubes, adding 20 mL of 0.01 mol L-1 NaNO3 solution (relation 1:10) at equimolar concentrations (0.017; 0.034; 0.085; 0.17; 0.255; 0.51; 0.85 and 1.275 mmol L-1) of Cu, Ni, Cd and Zn, in the isolated form (non-competitive system) and in set (competitive system). The obtained suspensions were shaked during one hour, centrifuged afterwards (1,100 rpm) through 10 min and filtered. The metals concentrations in solution were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The adsorbed metal amounts were assumed to be equal to the difference between the initial amount and the metal remaining content at the ending of the reaction period. The Rhodic Eutrudox, Kandiudalf Eutrudalf, Typic Hapludult-2 (clayey-textured), Typic Hapludult (clayeytextured) and Typic Haplaquoll presented the highest metals adsorption capacity, whereas the lowest was observed for Typic Quartzipsamment and for Arenic Hapludult. In general, the competition between metals diminished their maximum adsorption. In the non-competitive system, the most common affinity sequence was Cu >Zn >Ni >Cd, whereas in the competitive system, the most common sequence was Cu >Cd >Zn >Ni. In general, the Langmuir model simulate satisfactorily the adsorption of metals of the studied soils. The soils attributes presenting positive correlation with the maximum adsorption of metals were pH, MnO, CTC and silt. The correlation was negative with the soil sand content. Employing the multiple regression, the maximum adsorption of Zn, Cd and Ni was found to be related with CTC and MnO, while for Cu only the MnO content was related with it maximum adsorption. Such results pointed out the importance of the manganese interactions as a controlling factor related to the behavior of heavy metals in soils from tropical humid areas.

ASSUNTO(S)

propriedade físico-quimica do solo química do solo soil heavy metal soil physical - chemical property adsorption - competition soil chemistry metal pesado do solo adsorção – competição

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